RS 09 is a synthetic peptide that can activate the TLR-4 signaling pathway. RS 09 can function as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response in BALB/c mice[1].
In vitro, RS 09 (10µM; 30min) rescued the suppressed protein levels of TLR4, p-p65/p65, and p-IκBα/IκBα caused by ETS2 deficiency in the inflammatory cell model[2]. The TLR4 agonist RS 09 (5μg/ml; 24h) impaired the neuroprotective effects of corilagin on N2a cells[3]. RS 09 (60µM) intervention inhibited anti-inflammatory and pro-M2 polarizing effects of metformin, activating TLR4/NF-κB pathway[4].
In vivo, In BALB/c mice, when used in combination with the prostate cancer-specific antigen X-15, RS 09 (25µg; 28 days; s.c.) significantly increased the levels of X-15-specific antibodies[1].
References:
[1] Shanmugam A, Rajoria S, George AL, et al. Synthetic Toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) agonist peptides as a novel class of adjuvants. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e30839.
[2] Liu B, Yu J, Zhang J, et al. TLR4/NF-κB-mediated M1 macrophage polarization contributes to the promotive effects of ETS2 on ulcerative colitis. Eur J Med Res. 2025 Jul 24;30(1):668.
[3] Lei Y, Zhou J, Xu D, et al. Corilagin Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis and Ferroptosis of Parkinson's Disease through Regulating the TLR4/Src/NOX2 Signaling Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Mar 5;16(5):968-980.
[4] Shen W, Wang Q, Shen G, et al. Regulation of macrophage polarization by metformin through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway to improve pre-eclampsia. Placenta. 2025 Feb;160:89-99.
RS 09是一种能够激活TLR-4信号通路的合成肽。RS 09可以作为佐剂增强BALB/c小鼠的免疫反应[1]。
在体外实验中,RS 09(10µM; 30分钟)能够恢复由于ETS2缺失导致的炎症细胞模型中TLR4、p-p65/p65和p-IκBα/IκBα蛋白水平的抑制[2]。TLR4激动剂RS 09(5µg/ml; 24小时)损害了诃子酸对N2a细胞的神经保护作用[3]。RS 09(60µM)干预抑制了二甲双胍的抗炎和促M2极化作用,激活了TLR4/NF-κB信号通路[4]。
在体内实验中,在BALB/c小鼠中,当与前列腺癌特异性抗原X-15联合使用时,RS 09(25µg; 28天; 皮下注射)显著增加了X-15特异性抗体的水平[1]。
















