Prostaglandin E2-d9

PGE₂-d₉ contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17', 18, 18', 19, 19', 20, 20, and 20' positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE₂ by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). PGE₂ is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.^1,2,3,4 The effects of PGE₂ are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP₁, EP₂, EP₃, and EP₄.⁵ Affinity constants (K_d) of PGE₂ for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.

1.Willis, A.L., and Cornelsen, M.Repeated injection of prostaglandin E2 in rat paws induces chronic swelling and a marked decrease in pain thresholdProstaglandins3(3)353-357(1973) 2.Jackson, G.M., Sharp, H.T., and Varner, M.W.Cervical ripening before induction of labor: A randomized trial of prostaglandin E2 gel versus low-dose oxytocinAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.171(4)1092-1096(1994) 3.Robert, A., Schultz, J.R., Nezamis, J.E., et al.Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer properties of PGE2, 15-methyl PGE2, and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2. Intravenous, oral and intrajejunal administrationGastroenterology70(3)359-370(1976) 4.Arvind, P., Papavassiliou, E.D., Tsioulias, G.J., et al.Prostaglandin E2 down-regulates the expression of HLA-DR antigen in human colon adenocarcinoma cell linesBiochemistry34(16)5604-5609(1995) 5.Coleman, R.A., Smith, W.L., and Narumiya, S.International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: Properties, distribution, and structure of the receptors and their subtypesPharmacol. Rev.46(2)205-229(1994)