Peptides

Self-assembling Aβ sequence.

Cleavage of APP by alpha- and gamma-secretase (i.e. the non-amyloidogenic pathway) yields p3 peptide, a mix of Aβ 17-40 and Aβ 17-42. p3 is a major constituent of diffuse plaques observed in AD brains and pre-amyloid plaques in people affected by Down syndrome.

FAEDVGSNKG.

Aβ 2-42 could be a biomarker for differentiating AD from other degenerative dementias, such as frontotemporal dementias (FTD). The peptide promotes phagocytosis by macrophages.

Amyloid β-Protein (25-35) amide是β淀粉样蛋白（amyloid-β，Aβ）酰胺化的一种产物，其中β淀粉样蛋白的生成能力已被强烈降低。

GLMVGGVVIA, a partial sequence of β-amyloid protein which is used for raising antibodies against Aβ 1-42. Li et al. studied the aggregation behavior of this and other Aβ 1-42 C-terminal fragments.

The N-terminally truncated Aβ42 may be formed in increased amounts as AD progresses. Aβ 3-42 is the precursor of the Pyr-peptide. (Pyr³)-Aβ 3-42 positive plaques are resistant to age-dependent degradation likely due to their high stability and propensity to aggregate.

Aβ 25-35 的反向序列，非活性对照。

Reverse sequence of Aβ 1-40.

Aβ 4-42 could be one of the earliest and most prominent Aβ species deposited in AD brain. Sequencing of amyloid plaque cores showed that 64% of the isolated Aβ had a phenylalanine at its N-terminus, and indeed, IP/MS experiments identified Aβ 4-42 as a major Aβ species in AD patients. Additionally, Aβ 4-42 was found to be a component of cotton wool plaques in familial AD patients with the V261I PS1 mutation. Aβ 4-42 was discovered as well in amyloid deposits from vascular dementia and familial Danish dementia patients. These observations indicate that Aβ 4-42 may contribute to the development of multiple CNS diseases.

Abeta 5-42 is produced from amyloid precursor protein by action of caspases. It is deposited in Alzheimer's disease brain as well, but less prone to aggregation.

Fluorogenic (FRET) substrate for pro-memapsin-2 containing the β-secretase site EVNLDAEF of the Swedish mutation of APP. The kinetic parameters at pH 4.5 are Km = 5.4 µM and kcat = 0.24 min?¹.

Biotinyl-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) 是一种 N 端标记的生物素化淀粉样蛋白 ß-(1-40) 肽。

N-terminally biotin-labeled Aβ42.

The flexible LC spacer increases the accessibility of the biotin moiety.

The flexible LC spacer increases the accessibility of the biotin moiety.

CGHGNKSGLMVGGVV.

This all-D peptide contains two retro-inverso peptide klvff motifs of KLVFF (H-3682) corresponding to amino acids 16 to 20 of amyloid β-protein. The tandem dimer retro-inverso peptide showed about a 100-fold higher binding affinity (Kd = 1.3 . 10?² µM) for amyloid β-protein (1-40) fibrils than KLVFF (Kd = 1.1 ± 0.3 µM). It was also found to be more effective in preventing ordered fibril formation than the parent peptide KLVFF as judged by its increased ability to inhibit thioflavin T binding to β-sheet structures.