Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium is an acyl-CoA thioester that can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix via the carnitine shuttle system and is involved in β-oxidation. Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium can also be used as a substrate for sphingosine biosynthesis[1][2].
Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium (100 μM) reversibly inhibits acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase activity from chicken hepatocytes and is competitive with citric acid and has an important role in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis in vivo[1].
Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium with a high levels in mitochondria reduces the entry of ADP, which leads to an increased inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by palmitoyl CoA[2].
[1]. A G Goodridge, et al. Regulation of the activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase by palmitoyl coenzyme A and citrate. J Biol Chem. 1972 Nov 10;247(21):6946-52.
[2]. L A Fahien, et al. Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase by palmitoyl-coenzyme A. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1981 Nov;212(1):247-53.