Palmitoleic acid-d13 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitoleic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitoleic acid is an ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acid that has been found in macadamia and sea buckthorn oils.1,2 It increases basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes when used at a concentration of 200 µM.3 Ex vivo, palmitoleic acid (300 mg/kg per day) increases glucose uptake and aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis and reduces de novo fatty acid synthesis and activity of the lipogenic enzymes ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in isolated murine adipocytes. Dietary administration of palmitoleic acid (300 mg/kg) reduces high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and liver inflammation in mice.4
1.Yang, B., and Kallio, H.P.Fatty acid composition of lipids in sea buckthorn (HippophaË rhamnoids L.) berries of different originsJ. Agric. Food Chem.49(4)1939-1947(2001) 2.Fard, A.M., Turner, A.G., and Willett, G.D.High-resolution electrospray-ionization fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of macadamia nut oilAus. J. Chem.56(5)499-508(2003) 3.Bolsoni-Lopes, A., Festuccia, W.T., Chimin, P., et al.Palmitoleic acid (n-7) increases white adipocytes GLUT4 content and glucose uptake in association with AMPK activationLipids Health Dis.13(199)1-10(2014) 4.Souza, C.O., Teixeira, A.A.S., Lima, E.A., et al.Palmitoleic acid (N-7) attenuates the immunometabolic disturbances caused by a high-fat diet independently of PPARɑMediators Inflamm.2014(582197)1-12(2014)