Galactaric acid is a monosaccharide that has been found in grape musts and wine and an oxidized form of galacturonic acid.1,2,3 Galactaric acid (5-10 ?M) increases mRNA expression of Runx2 in C3H/10T1/2 mouse mesenchymal stem cells.4 It increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in, and mineralization of, C3H/10T1/2 cells when used in combination with gelatin as a coating on a 3D-poly (lactic acid) (PLA) scaffold at concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 ?M.
1.?ulj, M.M., Puhelek, I., Korenika, A.M.J., et al.Organic acid composition in croatian predicate winesAgriculturae Conspectus Scientificus80113-117(2015) 2.Rautiainen, S., Lehtinen, P., Chen, J., et al.Selective oxidation of uronic acids into aldaric acids over gold catalystRSC Adv.2519502-19507(2015) 3.Barth, D., and Wiebe, M.G.Enhancing fungal production of galactaric acidAppl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.101(10)4033-4040(2017) 4.Ashwin, B., Abinaya, B., Prasith, T.P., et al.3D-poly (lactic acid) scaffolds coated with gelatin and mucic acid for bone tissue engineeringInt. J. Biol. Macromol.162523-532(2020)