Moracin O

Moracin O is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) inhibitor isolated from Morus alba Linn., exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities^[1,2]. Moracin O reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)^[3] and is commonly used in studies of neuroprotection, oxidative stress, and the regulation of related signaling pathways^[4,5].

In vitro, treatment of 4T1-NF-κB reporter cells with Moracin O (3, 10, 100nM) for 24h dose-dependently inhibited NF-κB activity. Pretreatment of HaCaT human keratinocytes with Moracin O (10μM) for 1h, followed by co-incubation with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL, 20ng/mL) for 24h, significantly attenuated TRAIL-induced cell damage and improved cell viability^[6]. Pretreatment of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells with Moracin O (10μM) for 4h, followed by exposure to 30mM glutamate for 4h, significantly inhibited glutamate-induced cell death^[7].

In vivo, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were pretreated with Moracin O (80mg/kg, i.p.) 30min prior to the injection of 0.7% acetic acid to induce a pain model. Moracin O significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing responses, reducing the mean number of writhes from 17 ± 6 in the control group to 0 ± 1, with an inhibition rate of 98%^[7].

References:
[1] NAIK R, HARMALKAR D S, XU X, et al. Bioactive benzofuran derivatives: Moracins A-Z in medicinal chemistry[J]. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, 90: 379-393.
[2] DAT N T, JIN X, LEE K, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitory benzofurans and chalcone-derived Diels–Alder adducts from Morus species[J]. Journal of Natural Products, 2009, 72(1): 39-43.
[3] LEE H J, LYU D H, KOO U, et al. Inhibitory effect of 2-arylbenzofurans from the Mori Cortex Radicis (Moraceae) on oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y cells[J]. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2011, 34(8): 1373-1380.
[4] LEE J H, KO H J, WOO E R, et al. Moracin M inhibits airway inflammation by interrupting the JNK/c-Jun and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo[J]. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2016, 783: 64-72.
[5] ZOOFISHAN Z, KÚSZ N, CSORBA A, et al. Antispasmodic activity of prenylated phenolic compounds from the root bark of Morus nigra[J]. Molecules, 2019, 24(13): 2497.
[6] HARDIANTI B, UMEYAMA L, LI F, et al. Anti-inflammatory compounds moracin O and P from Morus alba Linn. (Sohakuhi) target the NF-κB pathway[J]. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2020, 22(6): 5385-5391.
[7] WANG Y N, LIU M F, HOU W Z, et al. Bioactive benzofuran derivatives from Cortex Mori Radicis, and their neuroprotective and analgesic activities mediated by mGluR1[J]. Molecules, 2017, 22(2): 236.

Moracin O是一种从Morus alba Linn.中分离出来的，具有显著抗炎和抗氧化活性的缺氧诱导因子（HIF-1）抑制剂^[1,2]。Moracin O可减少氧糖剥夺（OGD）诱导的活性氧（ROS）生成^[3]，通常用于神经保护、氧化应激及相关信号传导通路调控的研究^[4,5]。

在体外，Moracin O（3, 10, 100nM）处理4T1NF-κB报告细胞株24h，剂量依赖性地抑制了NF-κB的活性。Moracin O（10μM）预处理HaCaT人角质形成细胞1h，随后加入肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL, 20ng/mL）共培养24h，显著减轻了TRAIL诱导的细胞损伤，提高了细胞存活率^[6]。Moracin O（10μM）预处理SK-N-SH 人神经母细胞瘤4h，随后加入30mM谷氨酸处理4h，显著抑制了谷氨酸诱导的细胞死亡^[7]。

在体内，Moracin O（80mg/kg）通过腹腔注射预先30min处理Institute of Cancer Research（ICR）小鼠，随后注射0.7%乙酸诱导疼痛模型，显著抑制了乙酸诱导的扭体反应，平均扭体次数从对照组的17 ± 6次降至0 ± 1次，抑制率达98%^[7]。