Lodoxamide is an antiallergic compound acting as a mast-cell stabilizer for the treatment of asthma and allergic conjunctivitis.
Lodoxamide inhibits compound 48/80-induced histamine release and ionophore-induced 45Ca influx with associated histamine release in purified rat peritoneal mast cells[1]. The chemotactic response of eosinophils to fMLP as well as to IL-5 is significant and dose-dependent inhibited by Lodoxamide. Lodoxamide is also able to strongly inhibit the release of eosinophil peroxidase after IgA-dependent activation and, to a lesser extent, the release of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin[2].
Lodoxamide has been demonstrated to have cromolyn-like activity when studied in the rat peritoneal mast cell assay (PCA) model3 and in Ascaris antigen-sensitized rhesus monkeys. When given intravenously, orally, or intrabronchially by aerosol, lodoxamide significantly inhibits the increased respiratory frequency and decreased tidal volume induced by antigen challenge in Ascaris-sensitized. anesthetized rhesus monkeys[1]. Addition of lodoxamide tromethamine to Euro-Collins or University of Wisconsin solution results in a marked decrease in lung reperfusion injury as demonstrated by increased oxygenation, decreased microvascular permeability, and increased compliance[3]. Patients treated with lodoxamide tromethamine demonstrate an improvement in daytime breathing difficulty, cough, sputum production, and sleep[4].
References:
[1]. Watt GD, et al. Protective effect opf lodoxamide tromethamine on allergen inhalation challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1980 Oct;66(4):286-94.
[2]. Capron M,et al. Inhibitory effects of lodoxamide on eosinophil activation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1998 Jun;116(2):140-6.
[3]. Barr ML, et al. Addition of a mast cell stabilizing compound to organ preservation solutions decreases lung reperfusion injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998 Mar;115(3):631-6; discussion 636-7.
[4]. Mann JS, et al. Inhaled lodoxamide tromethamine in the treatment of perennial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985 Jul;76(1):83-90.