Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride (L-Propionylcarnitine chloride) is a naturally occurring carnitine derivative formed by carnitine acetyltransferase during β-oxidation of uneven chain fatty acids, which has therapeutic potential for the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders, kidney function deterioration, intermittent claudication, and other diseases[1][2].
In vitro, Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride (1mM) incubation on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for 4-72h reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Increased proliferation and iNOS expression[3]. Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride (10-6, 10-7 and 10-8M) treatment on isolated rabbit heart 30min before ischemia reduced mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia, preventing mitochondrial calcium overload, and depletion of ATP tissue stores[4].
In vivo, Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride (10mg/rabbit) intramuscularly injected into rabbit model of hind limb ischemia increased the rate of revascularization and the hind limb vascular area[3].
References:
[1] Tama B, Fabara S P, Zarrate D, Sohail A A. Effectiveness of Propionyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Intermittent Claudication: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2021 Aug 31;13(8):e17592.
[2] Pace S, Longo A, Toon S, Rolan P, Evans A M. Pharmacokinetics of propionyl-L-carnitine in humans: evidence for saturable tubular reabsorption.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;50(5):441-8.
[3] Stasi M A, Scioli M G, Arcuri G, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves postischemic blood flow recovery and arteriogenetic revascularization and reduces endothelial NADPH-oxidase 4-mediated superoxide production. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Mar;30(3):426-35.
[4] Ferrari R, Ceconi C, Cargnoni A, et al. The effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on the ischemic and reperfused intact myocardium and on their derived mitochondria.Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1991 Feb:5 Suppl 1:57-65.
Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride (L-Propionylcarnitine chloride)是一种天然存在的肉碱衍生物，由肉碱乙酰转移酶在不饱和链脂肪酸的β氧化过程中生成，具有治疗多种心血管疾病、肾功能恶化、间歇性跛行及其他疾病的潜力[1][2]。
体外实验中，Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride（1mM）处理人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）4–72h，可减少活性氧（ROS）产生，促进细胞增殖并诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达[3]；Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride（10⁻⁶、10⁻⁷及10⁻⁸M）在离体兔心脏于缺血前30min灌注，可减轻缺血诱导的线粒体功能障碍，防止线粒体钙超载及ATP组织储备耗竭[4]。
体内实验中，Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride（10mg/兔）于兔后肢缺血模型肌内注射，可显著提高再血管化速率并扩大后肢血管面积[3]。