Kartogenin sodium

Kartogenin (KGN) sodium is an inducer of chondrogenic tissue formation (EC50: 100 nM). Kartogenin sodium induces chondrogenesis by binding to fibrin A, disrupting its interaction with the transcription factor core binding factor beta subunit (CBFβ), and by modulating the CBFβ-RUNX1 transcriptional program. Kartogenin sodium also promotes tendon-bone junction (TBJ) wound healing by stimulating collagen synthesis. Kartogenin sodium is widely used in cell-free therapy in the field of regeneration for cartilage regeneration and protection, tendon-bone healing, wound healing and limb development. Kartogenin sodium promotes cartilage repair, coordinates limb development, and is also used in osteoarthritis (OA) research.

Kartogenin sodium (100 nM; 72 h) induces chondrocyte nodule formation in primary hMSCs^[1].
Kartogenin sodium (10 nM-10 μM; 72 h) increases chondrocyte-specific gene expression in hMSCs^[1].
Kartogenin sodium (0.12-10 μM; 48 h) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release induced by cytokines in primary bovine articular chondrocytes^[1].
Kartogenin sodium (50-5000 nM; 2 weeks) induces the chondrogenetic differentiation of the BMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].

Kartogenin sodium (10 μM in 4 μL of saline; i.a. on days 7 and 21) promotes cartilag erepair in collagenase VII-induced OA models in mice^[1].

References:
[1]. Johnson K, et, al. A stem cell-based approach to cartilage repair. Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):717-21.
[2]. Liu F, et, al. A novel kartogenin-platelet-rich plasma gel enhances chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and promotes wounded meniscus healing in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jul 8;10(1):201.
[3]. Cai J, Zhang L, Chen J, et al. Kartogenin and its application in regenerative medicine[J]. Current medical science, 2019, 39(1): 16-20.
[4]. Zhang J, Wang J H C. Kartogenin induces cartilage-like tissue formation in tendon–bone junction[J]. Bone research, 2014, 2(1): 1-10.