Acetylcholine iodide (Acetylcolina) is a neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
Acetylcholine iodide (Ach) stimulated SBC3 cell proliferation, adhesion and migration toward fibronectin (Fn) in a dose-dependent manner[1]. ACh ameliorates TNF-α-induced calpain activation by decreasing p38-MAPK phosphorylation and enhancing calpastatin expression. It elicits an anti-apoptotic effect through the activation of the muscarinic ACh receptor (MAChR) and the activation of anti-oxidant systems. ACh increases cell viability and decreases TNF-α-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells[2].
Acetylcholine can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release and protect against cardiomyocyte injury[2].
[1] Zhang S, et al. Anticancer Res. 2010, 30(1):97-106. [2] Zhao M, et al. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015, 36(5):1877-89.