Specneuzhenide is an iridoid glycoside originally isolated from L. lucidum with diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4 It reduces neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells by 49.2% when used at a concentration of 10 μM.1 Specneuzhenide (25, 50, and 100 μM) reduces high glucose-induced levels of cleaved caspase-3 protein and apoptosis in mouse glomerular mesangial cells.2 It increases cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic UMR-106 cells.3 Specneuzhenide inhibits hypoxia-induced VEGFA secretion, VEGFA and prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD-2) mRNA expression, and protein levels of VEGFA, HIF-1α, and PHD-2 in human acute retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells.4 In vivo, specneuzhenide (5 and 10 mg/kg) prevents retinal neovascularization in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.
1.Sung, S.H., Kim, E.S., Lee, K.Y., et al.A new neuroprotective compound of Ligustrum japonicum leavesPlanta Med.72(1)62-64(2006) 2.Zhang, A.-n., Li, P., Hong, X.-h., et al.Preventive effect of specnuezhenide on high glucose-induced apoptosis in glomerular mesangial cellsZhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi21(8)116-119(2015) 3.Huang, Y., Wu, Y., Wu, J., et al.Chemical constituents from Ligustrum lucidum differentially promote bone formation and prevent oxidative damage in osteoblastic UMR-106 cellsLat. Am. J. Pharm.33(2)258-265(2014) 4.Wu, J., Ke, X., Fu, W., et al.Inhibition of hypoxia-induced retinal angiogenesis by specnuezhenide, an effective constituent of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., through suppression of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathwayMolecules21(12)E1756(2016)