Hoechst 33342 analog is an analog of Hoechst 33342 dye. Hoechst 33342 is a nuclear dye that binds to the grooves in the DNA double strands. Hoechst 33342 dye is also used to differentiate between normal cells, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells. The nuclei of normal cells are round and uniformly stained, but during mitosis, the nuclei are also condensed, and DNA forms two parallel lines when chromosomes are separated; in apoptotic cells, due to the condensation of DNA, the nuclei are usually fragmented and stained more Strong; the DNA in necrotic cells is not concentrated, and the edges of the nucleus are unclear[1].
Hoechst dyes can also be used to monitor cell viability by tracking changes in their emission spectra. As slightly groove-binding DNA stains with AT selectivity, Hoechst dyes are able to bind to all nucleic acids, but they show greater fluorescence enhancement for AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands compared to GC-rich strands[2]. This property has been used to identify Q bands in chromosomes, which are AT base pair-rich regions that fluoresce brightly when stained with quinacrine dye[3].
References:
[1]. Lisa C Crowley, Brooke J Marfell , Nigel J Waterhouse. Analyzing Cell Death by Nuclear Staining with Hoechst 33342. 2016 Sep 1;2016(9). doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot087205.
[2]. Portugal J, Waring MJ. Assignment of DNA binding sites for 4′, 6-diamidine-2-phenylindole and bisbenzimide (Hoechst 33258). A comparative footprinting study. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression. 1988 Feb 28;949(2):158-68.
[3]. Weisblum B, Haenssler E. Fluorometric properties of the bibenzimidazole derivative Hoechst 33258, a fluorescent probe specific for AT concentration in chromosomal DNA. Chromosoma. 1974 Sep;46(3):255-60.
Hoechst 33342 analog是Hoechst 33342染料的类似物。Hoechst 33342是一种细胞核染料，能够与DNA双链中的凹槽结合结合。Hoechst 33342染料也被用于区分正常细胞、凋亡细胞以及坏死细胞。正常细胞的细胞核呈圆形和均匀的染色，但有丝分裂时，细胞核也出现浓缩，DNA在染色体分离时形成两条平行线；凋亡细胞中，由于DNA的凝聚，细胞核通常是支离破碎的，染色更强烈；坏死细胞中的DNA不是浓缩的，细胞核的边缘不清晰[1]。
Hoechst染料还可用于通过跟踪其发射光谱的变化来监测细胞活力。作为具有AT选择性的轻微凹槽结合DNA染色剂，Hoechst染料能够与所有核酸结合，但与富含GC的链相比，它们对富含AT的双链DNA链显示出更大的荧光增强[2]。该特性已被用于鉴定染色体中的Q条带，这些染色体是富含AT碱基对的区域，当用奎纳克林染料染色时会发出明亮的荧光[3]。