Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is an endogenous 42-amino acid peptide incretin hormone that induces insulin secretion in response to glucose. It belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . GIP is a GIP receptor agonist that binds to rat recombinant GIP receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells (IC50 = 3.2 nM) and increases cAMP accumulation (EC50 = 377 pM). It stimulates insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 rat pancreatic β-cells when used at a concentration of 10 nM. GIP (1 pmol/min per 100 g) decreases blood glucose level and increases plasma insulin level in rats following glucose challenge. It also decreases plasma glucose level and increases insulin level in ob/ob mice following glucose challenge when administered at a dose of 25 nmol/kg.