Dixyrazine, a phenothiazine derivative, can prevent brain oedema induced by intracarotid injection of protamine sulphate.
Pretreatment with Dixyrazine 10 mg/kg completely prevents the brain oedema and significantly reduces the albumin increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)[1]. The phenothiazine Dixyrazine (5 mg/kg i.v.) has minimal, transient hypotensive effects but significantly reduces the leakage of 126I labelled serum albumin in conscious rats subjected to acute hypertension provoked by i.v. Adrenaline or Bicuculline. The diameters of pial arteries and veins are continuously measured with a multichannel videoangiometer through a closed cranial window in anesthetized rats before and after i.v. injection of Dixyrazine (5 mg/kg). Dixyrazine, 5 mg /kg, induces a slight transitory decrease in blood pressure (10-20 mm Hg). Maximum MAP is slightly but not significantly lower in Dixyrazine-treated rats[2].
[1]. Westergren I, et al. Dixyrazine, a phenothiazine derivative, can prevent brain oedema induced by intracarotid injection of protamine sulphate. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1991;113(3-4):171-5. [2]. Johansson BB, et al. Phenothiazine-mediated protection of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension. Stroke. 1982 Mar-Apr;13(2):220-5.