Dencichin (Dencichine)

Cell experiment:

Cells are cultured in 6-well plates with glucose (LG) or high glucose control (HG) and then treated with valsartan (1.0 × 10-3 M) or Dencichin (1.0 × 10-5 M, 1.0 × 10-4 M and 1.0 × 10-3 M) for 24 h before analysing the activation of FN, Col I, and Col IV expression by ELISA and analysing MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression by immunofluorescence. Each experiment is repeated at least three times throughout the study[2].

Animal experiment:

Male SD rats weighted approximately 200 ± 20 g (eight weeks old) are kept at 23 ± 2°C. The rats are randomLy allotted into two groups: normal group (n = 16) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) group (n = 60). The normal rats fed with normal diet and vehicle fall into the normal control group (NC, n = 8) and the normal rats fed with normal diet and Dencichin fall into the Dencichin control group (De C, n = 8). The rats in the diabetic group are fed the high-sugar-high-fat diet (composition: Common breeding material 54.6%, lard oil 16.9%, sucrose 14%, casein 10.2%, gunk 2.1%, maltodextrin 2.2%). Five weeks later, DN is induced by administering of 40 mg/kg STZ though intraperitoneal injection, and the normal rats are treated with vehiclecitrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.2). Next, the DN rats (n = 32) are assigned into four groups and oral administered with metformin hydrochloride (a positive control) at 80 mg/kg/day, (DN+Met, n = 8), which is dissolve into distilled water to make a 2 mg/mL solution before use; vehicle control for the DN control group (DN, n = 8), or Dencichin. The Dencichin group is divided into a high Dencichin group (160 mg/kg/day; DN+De H, n = 8) and a low Dencichin group (80 mg/kg/day; DN+De L, n = 8), which are dissolved into distilled water to make a 5 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL solution before use and oral administered at the dosage once per day. Blood glucose is measured each month. 8 w after administering with Dencichin, the rats are killed[2].

References:

[1]. Eslavath RK, et al. β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β- diaminopropionic acid induces HRE expression by inhibiting HIF-prolyl hydroxylase-2 in normoxic conditions. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 15;791:405-411.
[2]. Jie L, et al. Dencichine ameliorates kidney injury in induced type II diabetic nephropathy via the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Oct 5;812:196-205.