Cyclophosphamide is a frequently used chemotherapy, often in combination with other chemotherapy types, for the treatment of breast cancer, malignant lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and neuroblastoma[1].
Cyclophosphamide’s immunomodulatory function was investigated by conditioning macrophages with tumor cell secretome collected from cyclophosphamide treated MM cell lines. CTX-TCS conditioning augmented the migratory capacity of macrophages and increased CD32 and CD64 Fcγ receptor expression on their cell surface. Daratumumab-specific tumor clearance was increased by conditioning macrophages with CTX-TCS in a dose-dependent manner[2]
In vivo，Cyclophosphamide induces early nonapoptotic death of superficial cells, followed by apoptotic death of deeper layers. H&E staining was performed over several days to determine the global urothelial injury and regeneration pattern after cyclophosphamide injection. Compared with uninjured mice, significant sloughing of urothelial cell layers as well as submucosal hemorrhage and inflammation were observed 1 day after cyclophosphamide. cyclophosphamide induces nonapoptotic death of superficial cells starting at 2 hours, followed by apoptotic loss of intermediate and basal cells starting at 4 hours[3]
References:
[1]. Gernaat SAM, von Stedingk H, et al. Cyclophosphamide exposure assessed with the biomarker phosphoramide mustard-hemoglobin in breast cancer patients: The TailorDose I study. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 1;11(1):2707.
[2]. Naicker SD, Feerick CL, et al. Cyclophosphamide alters the tumor cell secretome to potentiate the anti-myeloma activity of daratumumab through augmentation of macrophage-mediated antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis. Oncoimmunology. 2021 Jan 25;10(1):1859263.
[3]. Narla ST, Bushnell DS, et al. Keratinocyte Growth Factor Reduces Injury and Leads to Early Recovery from Cyclophosphamide Bladder Injury. Am J Pathol. 2020 Jan;190(1):108-124.
环磷酰胺是一种常用的化疗药物,通常与其他类型的化疗药物联合用于治疗乳腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤和神经母细胞瘤[1]。
环磷酰胺的免疫调节功能是通过用从环磷酰胺处理的 MM 细胞系中收集的肿瘤细胞分泌蛋白组调节巨噬细胞来研究的。 CTX-TCS 调节增强了巨噬细胞的迁移能力并增加了其细胞表面的 CD32 和 CD64 Fcγ 受体表达。通过以剂量依赖性方式用 CTX-TCS 调节巨噬细胞,Daratumumab 特异性肿瘤清除率增加[2]
在体内,环磷酰胺诱导表层细胞的早期非凋亡性死亡,随后是深层细胞的凋亡性死亡。在几天内进行了 H&E 染色,以确定环磷酰胺注射后的整体尿路上皮损伤和再生模式。与未受伤的小鼠相比,在环磷酰胺给药1天后观察到尿路上皮细胞层明显脱落以及粘膜下出血和炎症。环磷酰胺从 2 小时开始诱导表层细胞的非凋亡性死亡,随后从 4 小时开始诱导中间细胞和基底细胞的凋亡性丢失[3]