C6 Ceramide-d7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of short-chain ceramides, such as C2 ceramide , C6 ceramide , and C8 ceramide , by GC- or LC-MS. C6 Ceramide is a cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. With a longer carbon chain than C2 ceramide, it is somewhat more hydrophobic, and may more closely mimic the effects of natural ceramides.1 C6 Ceramide mediates many diverse biological activities including apoptosis, activation of protein phosphatase 2A, and inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.1,2,3,4 It also enhances the expression of COX-2 in rat granulosa cells and stimulates the growth of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.5,6 C6 Ceramide acts in neuronal axons to inhibit neurite growth.7
1.Dobrowsky, R.T., and Hannun, Y.A.Ceramide stimulates a cytosolic protein phosphataseJ. Biol. Chem.267(8)5048-5051(1992) 2.Cai, Z., Bettaieb, A., El Mahdani, N., et al.Alteration of the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway is associated with resistance of human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells to tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated cytotoxicityJ. Biol. Chem.272(11)6918-6926(1997) 3.Dobrowsky, R.T., Kamibayashi, C., Mumby, M.C., et al.Ceramide activates heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2AJ. Biol. Chem.268(21)15523-15530(1993) 4.Gudz, T.I., Tserng, K.Y., and Hoppel, C.L.Direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III by cell-permeable ceramideJ. Biol. Chem.272(39)24154-24158(1997) 5.Santana, P., Llanes, L., Hernandez, I., et al.Interleukin-1β stimulates sphingomyelin hydrolysis in cultured granulosa cells: Evidence for a regulatory role of ceramide on progesterone and prostaglandin biosynthesisEndocrinology137(6)2480-2489(1996) 6.AugÉ, N., Andrieu, N., NÈgre-Salvayre, A., et al.The sphingomyelin-ceramide signaling pathway is involved in oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced cell proliferationJ. Biol. Chem.271(32)19251-19255(1996) 7.Posse de Chaves, E.I., BussiÈre, M., Vance, D.E., et al.Elevation of ceramide within distal neurites inhibits neurite growth in cultured rat sympathetic neuronsJ. Biol. Chem.272(4)2038-3035(1997)