Biotin hydrazide is a biotinyl derivative that can be used as a probe for the determination of protein carbonylation, which is a component of several diseases. Protein carbonylation, an irreversible post translational modification (PTM), is caused by attack of reactive oxygen species (ROS), numerous lipid oxidation products (such as α,β-unsaturated γ-hydroxyalkenals), or nonemzymatic glycation resulting in the loss of protein function. Biotin hydrazide is a preferred carbonyl-reactive probe for its direct reaction and chemistry and no requirement of additional catalysts or reducing agents. Biotin hydrazide exclusively and readily derivatizes carbonyl groups at pH 5.5, which facilitates its use to measure carbonylated proteins in biological samples.
Reference
[1].Kenneth Hensley, Kelly S. Williamson. Protein Carbonyl Determination Using Biotin Hydrazide. Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress. Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology 2003, pp 195-199
[2].Madian AG, Regnier FE. Proteomic identification of carbonylated proteins and their oxidation sites. J Proteome Res. 2010;9(8):3766-3780.