AZD2858

Kinase experiment:

The potency of compounds at GSK-3β and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2, kinase with closest homology to GSK-3β) is assessed using Z-LYTE™ Kinase assay kit in the presence of 7 and 80 μM ATP respectively. A ratiometric method is used to calculate the ratio of donor emission (445 nm) to acceptor emission (520 nm) after excitation of the donor fluorophore at 400 nm to quantitate the reaction progress. Kinase selectivity with AR79, AZD2858 and AZ13282107 are determined using the KinaseProfiler Service or University of Dundee Kinase. Over 80 different kinases are assessed at a single concentration of 1 or 10 μM of AR79, AZD2858 and AZ13282107. Concentration-inhibition 10-point curves to compounds that show activity are constructed to determine pIC50 estimations. Also, in some kinase assays these pIC50 estimations are converted to binding affinity values (pKi) using the Cheng-Prussoff equation to correct for the concentration of ATP used[3].

Animal experiment:

Each rat is dosed orally with vehicle or AZD2858 using a plastic gavage tube. The dose volume is 10 mL/kg. The vehicle consists of deionized water adjusted to pH 3.5±0.1. Formulations are adjusted to pH 3.5±0.1. The doses are 0, 0.2, 2 or 20 mg/kg respectively and administered either twice daily (TD), once daily (OD), every other day (O/2D), or every fourth day (O/4D) for 14 days. In total, the protocol results in 13 groups with 8 animals in each group (104 animals). At 7 days after the start of the study, and again 2 days prior to the scheduled terminal necropsy, each animal is injected subcutaneously with a bicarbonate buffered calcein solution (8 mg/kg, 1 mL/kg)[1].

References:

[1]. Marsell R, et al. GSK-3 inhibition by an orally active small molecule increases bone mass in rats. Bone. 2012 Mar;50(3):619-27.
[2]. Sisask G, et al. Rats treated with AZD2858, a GSK3 inhibitor, heal fractures rapidly without endochondral bone formation. Bone. 2013 May;54(1):126-32.
[3]. Gilmour PS, et al. Human stem cell osteoblastogenesis mediated by novel glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors induces bone formation and a unique bone turnover biomarker profile in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 15;272(2):399-407.
[4]. Gambardella A, et al. Glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β inhibition promotes in vivo amplification of endogenous mesenchymal progenitors with osteogenic and adipogenic potential and their differentiation to the osteogenic lineage. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Apr;26(4):811-21.