Atropine sulfate monohydrate

Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from plants of the family Solanaceae including deadly nightshade (A. belladonna). It is a non-selective, competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄, and M₅ (pKBs range from 8.9-9.8).¹ Atropine increases firing of the sinoatrial node and conduction through the atrioventricular node of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, and decreases bronchial secretions.² It is classified as an anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) drug and commonly used to dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, reduce salivation and other secretions, and as an antidote against organophosphate poisoning.³

1.Caulfield, M.P., and Birdsall, N.J.M.International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptorsPharmacol. Rev.50(2)279-290(1998) 2.Broadley, K.J., and Kelly, D.R.Muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonistsMolecules6(3)142-193(2001) 3.Grynkiewicz, G., and Gadzikowska, M.Tropane alkaloids as medicinally useful natural products and their synthetic derivatives as new drugsPharmacol. Rep.60(4)439-463(2008)