Androsterone (5α-Androstan-3α-ol-17-one) is a metabolite of testosterone that modulates the susceptibility of an epilepsy seizure [1]. Androsterone can alleviate the damaging effects of chilling stress by improving antioxidative system and enhancing carotenoid levels in maize seedlings [2]. Androsterone has been widely used to inhibit the proliferation of cardiac muscle cells and regulate the nuclear translocation of androgen receptors[3].
In vitro, Androsterone (75μM) treatment for 24 hours significantly reduced the viability of H9c2 cells, resulting in a decrease in the level of phosphorylated RB protein and inducing cell cycle arrest[4]. Treatment with 100μM Androsterone for 24 hours significantly induced the expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP) in AML-12 cells[5].
In vivo, Androsterone treatment via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 200mg/kg/day for 2 days significantly increased the expression of Calbindin-D28k in the hippocampus of mice with status epilepticus (SE)[6]. A single intraperitoneal injection of 80mg/kg of Androsterone, lasting for 15 minutes, significantly increased the threshold for convulsions in mice[7].
References:
[1] Caliebe S V M, Pinacho P, Schnell M. Steroid hormone androsterone observed in the gas phase by rotational spectroscopy[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2022, 13(51): 11913-11917.
[2] Erdal S. Androsterone-induced molecular and physiological changes in maize seedlings in response to chilling stress[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012, 57: 1-7.
[3] Androsterone has been widely used to inhibit the proliferation of cardiac muscle cells and regulate the nuclear translocation of androgen receptors.
[4] Huo Y, Wang W, Zhang J, et al. Maternal androgen excess inhibits fetal cardiomyocytes proliferation through RB-mediated cell cycle arrest and induces cardiac hypertrophy in adulthood[J]. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2024, 47(3): 603-617.
[5] Wang S, Lai K D, Moy F J, et al. The nuclear hormone receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is activated by androsterone[J]. Endocrinology, 2006, 147(9): 4025-4033.
[6] Cho I, Cho Y J, Kim H W, et al. Effect of androsterone after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice[J]. Journal of Epilepsy Research, 2014, 4(1): 7.
[7] Tutka P, Mróz K, Mróz T, et al. Effects of androsterone on the protective action of various antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice[J]. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019, 101: 27-34.
Androsterone (5α-Androstan-3α-ol-17-one)是睾酮的一种代谢产物，可调节癫痫发作的易感性[1]。Androsterone可通过改善抗氧化系统和提高玉米幼苗中类胡萝卜素水平来减轻低温胁迫的损害效应[2]。Androsterone已被广泛用于抑制心肌细胞的增殖以及调节雄激素受体的核转位[3]。
在体外，75μM的Androsterone处理H9c2细胞24小时，显著降低了细胞活力，导致RB蛋白磷酸化水平下降并诱导细胞周期阻滞[4]。100μM的Androsterone处理AML-12细胞24小时，显著诱导了small heterodimer partner (SHP)的表达[4]。
在体内，每日腹腔注射200mg/kg剂量的Androsterone，连续2天，显著增加了癫痫持续状态小鼠海马中Calbindin-D28k的表达[6]。单次腹腔注射80mg/kg剂量的Androsterone，持续15分钟，显著提高了小鼠的惊厥阈值[7]。