Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) (human) is the main component of senile plaque amyloid and is a physiological peptide present in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma[1]. Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) has been used to establish animal models for investigating the study of neuronal survival[2].
In vitro, 200nM of Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) treatment of CA1 pyramidal cells for 20 minutes can increase the barium current (IBa) to 1.74[3]. Treatment with 30μM Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) for 24 hours caused an increase in the release of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in primary microglial cells of mice, promoting inflammation response[4].
In vivo, a single intrahippocampal injection of 2μl of Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) (5μg/μl) resulted in a continuous decline in the spatial memory and learning ability of rats over a period of 5 days. Injecting 2.5μL of 800μM Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) into the entorhinal cortex of rats can prevent the hyperphosphorylation of tau of tau in the rat hippocampus caused by Aβ1-42, and protect the neurons in the rat brain from damage caused by Aβ1-42[6].
References:
[1] Chen G, Xu T, Yan Y, et al. Amyloid beta: structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development[J]. Acta pharmacologica sinica, 2017, 38(9): 1205-1235.
[2] Nitta A, Itoh A, Hasegawa T, et al. β-Amyloid protein-induced Alzheimer's disease animal model[J]. Neuroscience letters, 1994, 170(1): 63-66.
[3] Rovira C, Arbez N, Mariani J. Aβ (25–35) and Aβ (1–40) act on different calcium channels in CA1 hippocampal neurons[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2002, 296(5): 1317-1321.
[4] Lotz M, Ebert S, Esselmann H, et al. Amyloid beta peptide 1–40 enhances the action of Toll‐like receptor‐2 and‐4 agonists but antagonizes Toll‐like receptor‐9‐induced inflammation in primary mouse microglial cell cultures[J]. Journal of neurochemistry, 2005, 94(2): 289-298.
[5] Shi X, Lu X, Zhan L, et al. Rat hippocampal proteomic alterations following intrahippocampal injection of amyloid beta peptide (1–40)[J]. Neuroscience letters, 2011, 500(2): 87-91.
[6] Zou K, Kim D, Kakio A, et al. Amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) 1–40 protects neurons from damage induced by Aβ1–42 in culture and in rat brain[J]. Journal of neurochemistry, 2003, 87(3): 609-619.
Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) (human)是老年斑淀粉样蛋白的主要成分，作为生理性肽段存在于脑组织、脑脊液（CSF）及血浆中[1]。Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40)已被用于建立动物模型来研究神经元的存活[2]。
在体外，200nM浓度的Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40)处理CA1锥体神经元细胞20分钟，可使钡电流（IBa）增强至1.74[3]。10μM浓度的Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40)处理小鼠原代小胶质细胞24小时，能促进一氧化氮（NO）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）释放，加剧炎症反应[4]。
在体内，大鼠海马单次注射2μL的Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40)（5μg/μL）可导致大鼠的空间记忆与学习能力持续5天进行性衰退[5]。 向大鼠内嗅皮层注射2.5μL 800μM Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40)，能阻止Aβ1-42诱导的海马区tau蛋白过度磷酸化，保护脑神经元免受Aβ1-42损伤[6]。