Acetyl Coenzyme A (sodium salt) is an essential cofactor and acyl carrier in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions[1]. Acetyl Coenzyme A can serve as an acetyl donor for histone acetylase (HAT) for post-translational acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins[2]. Acetyl Coenzyme A is formed by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in mitochondria, the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, or the oxidative degradation of certain amino acids[3]. Acetyl Coenzyme A is the starting compound of the citric acid cycle (Kreb cycle), a key precursor for lipid biosynthesis, and the source of all fatty acid carbons[4]. Acetyl Coenzyme A positively regulates the activity of pyruvate carboxylase[5]. Acetyl Coenzyme A is a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine[6].
References:
[1] Masiarz F R. Acyl-coenzyme-a: Coenzyme-a Acyltransferase--a Novel Mammalian Enzyme[M]. University of Michigan, 1973.
[2] Takahashi H, McCaffery J M, Irizarry R A, et al. Nucleocytosolic acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase is required for histone acetylation and global transcription[J]. Molecular cell, 2006, 23(2): 207-217.
[3] Abo Alrob O, Lopaschuk G D. Role of CoA and acetyl-CoA in regulating cardiac fatty acid and glucose oxidation[J]. Biochemical Society Transactions, 2014, 42(4): 1043-1051.
[4] Kumar P, Dubey K K. Citric acid cycle regulation: Back bone for secondary metabolite production[M]//New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Elsevier, 2019: 165-181.
[5] Numa S, Tanabe T. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and its regulation[M]New comprehensive biochemistry. Elsevier, 1984, 7: 1-27.
[6] Szutowicz A, Bielarczyk H, Jankowska-Kulawy A, et al. Acetyl-CoA the key factor for survival or death of cholinergic neurons in course of neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Neurochemical research, 2013, 38: 1523-1542.
乙酰辅酶A钠盐（Acetyl Coenzyme A (sodium salt)）是酶促乙酰基转移反应中必需的辅因子和酰基载体[1]。Acetyl Coenzyme A 可作为组蛋白乙酰酶（HAT）的乙酰基供体，用于组蛋白和非组蛋白的翻译后乙酰化反应[2]。Acetyl Coenzyme A 是由线粒体中丙酮酸的氧化脱羧、长链脂肪酸的氧化或某些氨基酸的氧化降解形成的[3]。Acetyl Coenzyme A 是柠檬酸循环（克雷布循环）的起始化合物，也是脂质生物合成的关键前体，也是所有脂肪酸碳的来源[4]。Acetyl Coenzyme A 正向调节丙酮酸羧化酶的活性[5]。Acetyl Coenzyme A 是神经递质乙酰胆碱的前体[6]。