9-cis Retinal is a naturally occurring retinoid, produced by the oxidation of 9-cis Retinol by cis-retinol dehydrogenase (cRDH), and can bind to retinol-binding protein (CRBP)[1, 2]. 9-cis Retinal can accelerate the differentiation and maturation of rod photoreceptor cells in retinal organoids[3].
In vitro, treatment of MCF7 human breast cancer cells transfected with cRDH cDNA (LRDHsn/MCF7) with 9-cis Retinal (1µM) for 1-7 days significantly inhibited cancer cell growth, with an inhibition rate of 75% after 24h[4].
In vivo, treatment of Irbp-/- mice with 9-cis Retinal (0.375mg) via intraperitoneal injection significantly restored cone photoreceptor function in the mice[5]. Treatment of retinitis pigmentosa model mice with 9-cis Retinal (2.5mg) once a week via gavage for 4 weeks significantly improved the visual function of both rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the mice[6].
References:
[1] Cascella M, Bärfuss S, Stocker A. Cis-retinoids and the chemistry of vision[J]. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2013, 539(2): 187-195.
[2] Tuvendal P. Short-chain retinol dehydrogenases/reductases: Involvement in retinoid metabolism and expression in embryonic and adult mouse[D]. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2000.
[3] Kelley R A, Chen H Y, Swaroop A, et al. Accelerated development of rod photoreceptors in retinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells by supplementation with 9-cis retinal[J]. STAR protocols, 2020, 1(1): 100033.
[4] Paik J, Blaner W S, Swisshelm K. Cis-retinol dehydrogenase: 9-cis-retinol metabolism and its effect on proliferation of human MCF7 breast cancer cells[J]. Experimental cell research, 2005, 303(1): 183-196.
[5] Parker R O, Fan J, Nickerson J M, et al. Normal cone function requires the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein[J]. Journal of Neuroscience, 2009, 29(14): 4616-4621.
[6] Maeda A, Maeda T, Palczewski K. Improvement in rod and cone function in mouse model of Fundus albipunctatus after pharmacologic treatment with 9-cis-retinal[J]. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2006, 47(10): 4540-4546.
9-cis Retinal是一种天然视黄醇,由顺式视黄醇脱氢酶(cRDH)氧化9-cis Retinol生成,能够结合视黄醇结合蛋白(CRBP)[1, 2]。9-cis Retinal能够加速视网膜类器官中杆状感光细胞的分化和成熟[3]。
在体外,9-cis Retinal(1µM)处理转染了cRDH cDNA的MCF7人类乳腺癌细胞(LRDHsn/MCF7)1-7天,显著抑制了癌细胞的生长,24h的抑制率达到了75%[4]。
在体内,9-cis Retinal(0.375mg)通过腹腔注射治疗Irbp-/-小鼠,显著恢复了小鼠视锥细胞功能[5]。9-cis Retinal(2.5mg)通过每周灌胃一次治疗视网膜白斑病模型小鼠4周,显著改善了小鼠的视杆细胞和视锥细胞的视觉功能[6]。
















