2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid (hydrate)

2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid (2,4-PDCA) is a compound that structurally mimics 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG, also known as α-ketoglutarate) and chelates zinc, thus affecting a range of enzymes. As a 2-OG mimic, it blocks the activity of 2-OG oxygenases, which include certain lysine demethylases and a variety of hydroxylases (e.g., prolyl, collagen, lysyl). 2,4-PDCA inhibits several Jumonji domain-containing lysine demethylases when used at low micromolar concentrations. Through its effects on hydroxylases, including prolyl hydroxlase 1 (IC50 = 1.5 µM), 2,4-PDCA modulates hypoxia-inducible factor turnover, collagen synthesis, and plant cell wall formation. It can inhibit zinc-dependent enzymes, like metallo-β-lactamase. 2,4-PDCA also affects and is translocated by organic anion transporters.