(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride, a member of the acylcarnitines family, is a fatty acid metabolite that play an important role in cellular energy metabolism pathway[1]. It is commonly used in studies of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and peroxisomal β-oxidation activity[1]. (±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride can serve as a biomarker for identifying diseases. (±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride is significantly and independently associated with mortality in type 2 diabetes and can improve mortality prediction models[2]. (±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride, as a specific and easily detectable biomarker, has potential for evaluating skeletal muscle toxicity in rats[3]. (±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride can be used as a metabolite standard for the quantitative analysis of various chain-length acylcarnitines by LC-MS/MS[4].
In vitro，Treatment with 4, 8, or 16μM hexanoylcarnitine for 9 days increased the number of CT3 clusters in mouse ESCs undergoing cardiac differentiation in a dose-dependent manner[5].
References:
[1] Dambrova, Maija et al. “Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials.” Pharmacological reviews vol. 74,3 (2022): 506-551.
[2] Scarale MG, Mastroianno M, Prehn C, et al. Circulating Metabolites Associate With and Improve the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2022;71(6):1363-1370.
[3] Obayashi H, Kobayashi N, Nezu Y, Yamoto T, Shirai M, Asai F. Plasma 2-hydroxyglutarate and hexanoylcarnitine levels are potential biomarkers for skeletal muscle toxicity in male Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Sci. 2017;42(4):385-396.
[4] Giesbertz P, Ecker J, Haag A, Spanier B, Daniel H. An LC-MS/MS method to quantify acylcarnitine species including isomeric and odd-numbered forms in plasma and tissues. J Lipid Res. 2015;56(10):2029-2039.
[5] Tyurin-Kuzmin PA, Molchanov AY, Chechekhin VI, Ivanova AM, Kulebyakin KY. Metabolic Regulation of Mammalian Stem Cell Differentiation. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020;85(3):264-278.
(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride，酰基肉碱家族的成员之一，是一种脂肪酸代谢物，在细胞能量代谢途径中起重要作用[1]。(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride常用于能量代谢、线粒体功能和过氧化物酶体β-氧化活性的研究[1]。(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride可作为疾病鉴别的生物标志物。(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride与2型糖尿病的死亡率有显著且独立的相关性，并能改善死亡率预测模型[2]。(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride作为特定且易于检测的生物标志物，对于评估大鼠骨骼肌毒性具有重要潜力[3]。(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride可以作为LC-MS/MS定量多种链长酰基肉碱时的代谢物标准品[4]。
体外实验中，4, 8和16μM的(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride持续处理9天，以剂量依赖的方式增加了正在接受心脏分化的小鼠胚胎干细胞中CT3集群的数量[5]。