Vitamin U (S-Methylmethionine sulfonium) chloride is an orally active anti-ulcer agent with antioxidant activity. Vitamin U inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Vitamin U promotes skin wound healing.Vitamin U can be used in the research of gastrointestinal ulceration[1][2][3][4][5].
Vitamin U chloride (100 μM, 24 h) promotes the growth and migration of human dermal fibroblasts(hDFs)[1].Vitamin U chloride (0-1 mM, 24 h) activates ERK1/2 in hDFs[1].Vitamin U chloride (0.1 g/L in the nutrient solution) reduces cell membrane damage in higher plants exposed to low-temperature stress[2].Vitamin U chloride (10-100 mM, 7 days) inhibits adipocyte differentiation via down-regulation of adipogenic factors and up-regulation of AMPK activity[3].
Vitamin U chloride (50 mg/kg, oral gavage) prevents valproic acid-induced liver injury in rats[4].Vitamin U chloride (50 mg/kg, oral gavage for 3 days) shows antioxidant effect and prevents GalN-induced gastric damage in rats[5].
References:
[1]. Won-Serk Kim, et al. Accelerated wound healing by S-methylmethionine sulfonium: evidence of dermal fibroblast activation via the ERK1/2 pathway. Pharmacology. 2010;85(2):68-76.
[2]. Ilona Rácz, et al. S-methylmethionine reduces cell membrane damage in higher plants exposed to low-temperature stress. J Plant Physiol. 2008 Sep 29;165(14):1483-90.
[3]. Na Young Lee, et al. Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin U (S-Methylmethionine Sulfonium Chloride) on Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Pre-adipocyte Cell Lines. Ann Dermatol. 2012 Feb;24(1):39-44.
[4]. Ertan Celik, et al. Vitamin U prevents valproic acid-induced liver injury through supporting enzymatic antioxidant system and increasing hepatocyte proliferation triggered by inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2021 Oct;31(8):600-608.
[5]. Dileknur Topaloglu, et al. Gastroprotective effect of vitamin U in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2022 Sep;36(9):e23124.