Theaflavin (TF) is a distinctive derivative of benzotropolones first extracted from black tea, and has antioxidant effects for its functions of radical scavenging and metal chelation [1,2]. Besides,theaflavin is a suitable natural inhibitor against influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase[3].
Theaflavin(20 and 50 µg/ml;2 h) inhibited calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-induced renal HK-2 tubular epithelial cell oxidative stress injury[4]. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to Theaflavin(0-200µM;24 h) can alleviate apoptosis and cell dysfunction induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)[5]. Theaflavin(0-160µM;72 h) inhibited proliferation of CNE2 cells, promoted apoptosis, and up-regulated the expression of caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax, and decreased the level of Bcl-2[6].
Theaflavin(20、50、100 mg/kg;14days;i. g.) alleviated CaOx nephrocalcinosis-induced oxidative stress injury and crystal deposition in mice[4]. In a renal ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury mouse model, theaflavin pretreatment(20/50/80 mg/kg;3days;i. g.) significantly inhibited I/R-induced kidney injury and cell apoptosis. It improved mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing mitochondrial damage and promoting mitochondrial membrane potential[7].
References:
[1]. Han X, Zhang J, et al. Theaflavin ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic injury via the NRF2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017;113:59-70
[2]. San Cheang W, Yuen Ngai C, et al. Black tea protects against hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction through alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10340
[3]. Sahoo M, Jena L, et,al. Identification of Suitable Natural Inhibitor against Influenza A (H1N1) Neuraminidase Protein by Molecular Docking. Genomics Inform. 2016 Sep;14(3):96-103. doi: 10.5808/GI.2016.14.3.96. Epub 2016 Sep 30. PMID: 27729839; PMCID: PMC5056903.
[4]. Ye T, Yang X, et,al.Theaflavin protects against oxalate calcium-induced kidney oxidative stress injury via upregulation of SIRT1. Int J Biol Sci. 2021 Mar 2;17(4):1050-1060. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.57160. PMID: 33867828; PMCID: PMC8040307.
[5]. Chen D, Wu Z, et,al.Theaflavin Attenuates TBHP-Induced Endothelial Cells Oxidative Stress by Activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 and Accelerates Wound Healing in Rats. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Mar 2;10:830574. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.830574. PMID: 35309982; PMCID: PMC8924520.
[6]. Xu J, Wang SJ, et,al.Theaflavin promoted apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma unexpectedly via inducing autophagy in vitro. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Jan;25(1):68-74. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2021.59190.13143. PMID: 35656444; PMCID: PMC9118283.
[7]. Li Z, Zhu J, et,al. Theaflavin ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Feb;134:111097. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111097. Epub 2020 Dec 16. PMID: 33341051.
茶黄素(te黄素,TF)是一种首次从红茶中提取出来的独特的benzotropolones衍生物,具有抗氧化,自由基清除和金属螯合的功能[1,2]。此外,茶黄素是一种合适的抗甲型H1N1流感神经氨酸酶的天然抑制剂[3]。
茶黄素(20和50 µg/ml;2 h)可抑制草酸钙(COM)诱导的肾HK-2小管上皮细胞氧化应激损伤[4]。人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)暴露于茶黄素(0-200µM;24 h)可减轻过氧化叔丁基(TBHP)诱导的细胞凋亡和功能障碍[5]。茶黄素(0 ~ 160µ m;72 h)抑制CNE2细胞增殖,促进凋亡,上调caspase 3、caspase 9、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2水平[6]。
茶黄素(20、50、100 mg/kg;14days;i. g.)减轻CaOx肾钙质沉着引起的小鼠氧化应激损伤和晶体沉积[4]。在肾缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤小鼠模型中,茶黄素预处理(20/50/80 mg/kg;3days;i. g.)显著抑制了肾损伤和细胞凋亡。它通过减少线粒体损伤和促进线粒体膜电位改善线粒体功能障碍[7]。