Thaxtomin A是一种由Streptomyces scabies等植物病原菌产生的二酮哌嗪类植物毒素。
Cas No.:122380-18-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Thaxtomin A is a diketopiperazine phytotoxin produced by plant pathogenic bacteria such as Streptomyces scabies[1-2]. Thaxtomin A disrupts cell wall integrity by inhibiting plant cellulose biosynthesis and induces programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells. Thaxtomin A can be used in research related to the pathogenic mechanisms of Streptomyces scabiesand the development of novel natural herbicides[3-4].
In vitro, A. thaliana cells were treated with Thaxtomin A (10μM) for 6 hours. Thaxtomin A induced an early, transient Ca²⁺ influx. N. tabacum BY2 cells were treated with Thaxtomin A (20μM) for 6 hours, which did not cause an increase in cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration[5]. A. thaliana cells were treated with Thaxtomin A (2.0–10.0μM) for 24–72 hours. Thaxtomin A caused DNA fragmentation in the nucleus and induced programmed cell death (PCD)[6].
References:
[1] Clarke CR, Kramer CG, Kotha RR, et al. The Phytotoxin Thaxtomin A Is the Primary Virulence Determinant for Scab Disease of Beet, Carrot, and Radish Caused by Streptomyces scabiei. Phytopathology. 2022 Nov;112(11):2288-2295.
[2] Li Y, Liu J, Adekunle D, et al. TxtH is a key component of the thaxtomin biosynthetic machinery in the potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabies. Mol Plant Pathol. 2019 Oct;20(10):1379-1393.
[3] Casey C, Köcher T, Champion C, et al. Reduced coenzyme Q synthesis confers non-target site resistance to the herbicide thaxtomin A. PLoS Genet. 2023 Jan 6;19(1):e1010423.
[4] Zhang H, Wang Q, Ning X, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of thaxtomin analogues. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Apr 15;63(14):3734-41.
[5] Meimoun P, Tran D, Baz M, et al. Two different signaling pathways for thaxtomin A-induced cell death in Arabidopsis and tobacco BY2. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Feb;4(2):142-4.
[6] Duval I, Brochu V, Simard M, et al. Thaxtomin A induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells. Planta. 2005 Nov;222(5):820-31.
Thaxtomin A是一种由Streptomyces scabies等植物病原菌产生的二酮哌嗪类植物毒素[1-2]。Thaxtomin A可通过抑制植物纤维素合成来破坏细胞壁完整性，同时通过诱导植物细胞程序性死亡。Thaxtomin A可用于Streptomyces scabies致病机理和新型天然除草剂开发的相关研究[3-4]。
在体外，Thaxtomin A（10μM）处理A. thaliana细胞6小时，可诱导一个早期、短暂的Ca²⁺内流。Thaxtomin A（20μM）处理N. tabacum BY2细胞6小时，不会引起胞质Ca²⁺浓的增加[5]。Thaxtomin A（2.0–10.0μM）处理A. thaliana细胞24–72h。Thaxtomin A引起了细胞核DNA片段化，诱导了程序性细胞死亡（PCD）[6]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) suspension-cultured cells; Nicotiana tabacum BY2 suspension-cultured cells. |
Preparation Method | Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells were grown in Gamborg medium (pH=5.8). Nicotiana tabacum BY2 suspension cells were grown in Murashige and Skoog medium (pH=5.8). All experiments were performed using log-phase cells (4 days after sub-culture for Arabidopsis and 6 days for BY2). Arabidopsis treated with Thaxtomin A (10μM) for 6h, BY2 treated with Thaxtomin A (20μM) for 6h. |
Reaction Conditions | 10 or 20μM; 6h. |
Applications | In A. thaliana cells, 10μM Thaxtomin A induces an early, short-lived Ca2+ influx, which is an upstream event in the signaling pathway leading to Thaxtomin A-induced cell death. In BY2 cells, 20μM Thaxtomin A did not induce a significant increase in cytosolic calcium concentration. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 122380-18-1 | SDF | |
| 化学名 | (3R,6S)-3-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-dimethyl-6-[(4-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]-2,5-piperazinedione | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(N(C)[C@H]1CC2=CNC3=C2C([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C3)[C@@](CC4=CC=CC(O)=C4)(O)N(C)C1=O | ||
| 分子式 | C22H22N4O6 | 分子量 | 438.4 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: Soluble,DMSO: Soluble,Ethanol: Partially soluble,Methanol: Partially soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.281 mL | 11.4051 mL | 22.8102 mL |
| 5 mM | 456.2 μL | 2.281 mL | 4.562 mL |
| 10 mM | 228.1 μL | 1.1405 mL | 2.281 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
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