Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (perchlorate) is the perchlorate form of the cell-permeable cationic red fluorescent probe TMRM, which is commonly used to assess mitochondrial function by live-cell fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. TMRM specifically recognizes and measures mitochondrial membrane potential and is also used to selectively label mitochondria in living cells. The maximum excitation/emission light is 552/575nm[1].TMRM incorporated into cells is preferentially retained in mitochondria, producing bright fluorescence, and the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the mitochondrial membrane potential. Loss of mitochondrial integrity or excessive opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore can cause the probe to leak out of the mitochondria, resulting in reduced fluorescence[2]. Rhodamine dye has low toxicity to cells at a certain concentration, so it is often used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms[3].
Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (perchlorate)是细胞渗透性阳离子红色荧光探针TMRM的高氯酸盐形式，常被用于通过活细胞荧光显微镜或流式细胞术评估线粒体功能。TMRM特异性识别并测定线粒体膜电位，也被用于选择性标记活细胞中的线粒体，最大激发光/发射光为552/575nm[1]。掺入细胞的TMRM优先保留在线粒体中，产生明亮的荧光，并且荧光强度与线粒体膜电位成比例。线粒体完整性的丧失或线粒体通透性转换孔的过渡开放会导致探针从线粒体中渗出，从而导致荧光减弱[2]。在一定浓度下，罗丹明染料对细胞的毒性较低，因此常用于检测动物细胞、植物细胞和微生物中的线粒体[3]。
References:
[1]. Michael B Schultz,et. Molecular and Cellular Characterization of SIRT1 Allosteric Activators. 2019:1983:133-149. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9434-2_8.
[2]. Cristiano Ferlini, Giovanni Scambia. Assay for apoptosis using the mitochondrial probes, Rhodamine123 and 10-N-nonyl acridine orange. 2007;2(12):3111-4. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.397.
[3]. Emaus, R. K., Grunwald, R., & Lemasters, J. J. (1986). Rhodamine 123 as a probe of transmembrane potential in isolated rat-liver mitochondria: spectral and metabolic properties. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 850(3), 436–448.