Sphingomyelins (buttermilk) is a sphingomyelin mixture with variable fatty acid chain length, isolated from buttermilk. Sphingomyelins interacts with cholesterol to help maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis, while also being hydrolyzed by sphingomyelinase to form ceramide, which mediates intracellular signaling[1-2]. Sphingomyelins can be used in research related to sphingolipid compounds and their roles in various biological processes[3-4].
In vitro, Vero-E6 epithelial cells were pretreated with Sphingomyelins (50μM) for 1 hour, followed by infection with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudoviral particles. Sphingomyelins had no significant effect on viral infection[5].
In vivo, PPAR-γ+/+ and PPAR-γ-/- mice were treated with Sphingomyelin (1g/kg; oral administration) for 80 days. Sphingomyelin significantly suppressed DSS-induced colon inflammation, increased mouse survival, and reduced AOM-induced tumor area[6]. 4-week-old male Jcl:ICR mice were treated with Sphingomyelins (0.1% in diet) for 10 days, while colitis was induced with 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Sphingomyelins significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI) score, inhibited the increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colon tissue, and increased the IgA content in the contents of the large intestine[7].
References:
[1] Kobayashi T. Mapping trasmembrane distribution of sphingomyelin. Emerg Top Life Sci. 2023 Mar 31;7(1):31-45.
[2] Signorelli P, Conte C, Albi E. The Multiple Roles of Sphingomyelin in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules. 2021 Sep 5;11(9):1311.
[3] Slotte JP. Biological functions of sphingomyelins. Prog Lipid Res. 2013 Oct;52(4):424-37.
[4] Exon JH, South EH. Effects of sphingomyelin on aberrant colonic crypt foci development, colon crypt cell proliferation and immune function in an aging rat tumor model. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Apr;41(4):471-6.
[5] Carpinteiro A, Gripp B, Hoffmann M, et al. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by ambroxol prevents SARS-CoV-2 entry into epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan-Jun;296:100701.
[6] Mazzei JC, Zhou H, Brayfield BP, et al. Suppression of intestinal inflammation and inflammation-driven colon cancer in mice by dietary sphingomyelin: importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. J Nutr Biochem. 2011 Dec;22(12):1160-71.
[7] Furuya H, Ohkawara S, Nagashima K, et al. Dietary sphingomyelin alleviates experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;78(1):41-9.
Sphingomyelins (buttermilk)是一种从酪乳中分离的、具有可变脂肪酸链长度的鞘磷脂混合物。Sphingomyelins通过与胆固醇相互作用，维持细胞胆固醇稳态，同时通过鞘磷脂酶水解形成神经酰胺以介导细胞内信号传导[1-2]。Sphingomyelins可用于鞘脂类化合物及其在多种生物学过程中作用的相关研究[3-4]。
在体外，Sphingomyelins（50μM）预处理Vero-E6上皮细胞1小时，随后以pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike假病毒颗粒感染细胞。Sphingomyelins对病毒的感染无显著影响[5]。
在体内，Sphingomyelin（1g/kg；口服）用于处理PPAR-γ+/+和PPAR-γ-/-小鼠，持续80天。Sphingomyelin显著抑制了DSS诱导的结肠炎症，增加了小鼠存活率，并减少了AOM诱导的肿瘤面积[6]。Sphingomyelins（0.1% in diet）用于处理4周龄雄性Jcl:ICR小鼠10天，同时以3%葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导结肠炎。Sphingomyelins显著降低了疾病活动指数（DAI）评分，抑制了结肠组织髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性的增加，并使大肠内容物中IgA的含量增加[7]。