Spectinomycin (hydrochloride hydrate) is a broad-spectrum aminocyclic alcohol antibiotic produced by S. spectabilis and inhibits the growth of a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms[1]. Spectinomycin acts by selectively targeting to the bacterial the 30S ribosomal subunit and interrupting protein synthesis[2]. Spectinomycin is also a noncompetitive inhibitor of TD intron RNA with an Ki value of 7.2mM[3]. Spectinomycin is mainly used in the research of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection[4][5].
In vitro, Spectinomycin (50μg/mL; 10min) selectively inhibits bacterial growth, and suppresses protein synthesis and amino acid incorporation in cells and extracts of Escherichia coli[1]. Spectinomycin (64μg/mL; 0-60min ) relaxes the stringent control of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis in amino acid-deprived relA+ cells, but does not inhibit LPS synthesis directly[6].
In vivo, intramuscular injection of Spectinomycin (20mg/kg; i.m.; 9d)has no effects on growth performance, clinical blood parameters, organ coefficient, and histopathological parameters, demonstrating its safety in healthy chicks[3]. In rat experiments, Spectinomycin (10mg/kg; i.v.; single dose) has the major elimination pathway by renal excretion, approximately 55% is excreted into the urine in unchanged form[7].
References:
[1] Davies J, Anderson P, Davis BD. Inhibition of protein synthesis by spectinomycin. Science. 1965;149(3688):1096-1098.
[2] Zimmerman JM, Maher LJ 3rd. In vivo selection of spectinomycin-binding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30(24):5425-5435.
[3] Khan EA, Ma J, Xiaobin M, et al. Safety evaluation study of lincomycin and spectinomycin hydrochloride intramuscular injection in chickens. Toxicol Rep. 2022;9:204-209. Published 2022 Jan 29.
[4] Ribeiro J, Mathieson SI. Spectinomycin in gonorrhoea. Br J Vener Dis. 1975;51(4):272-273.
[5] Karney WW, Pedersen AH, Nelson M, Adams H, Pfeifer RT, Holmes KK. Spectinomycin versus tetracycline for the treatment of gonorrhea. N Engl J Med. 1977;296(16):889-894.
[6] Kusser WC, Ishiguro EE. Effects of aminoglycosides and spectinomycin on the synthesis and release of lipopolysaccharide by Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988;32(8):1247-1250.
[7] Madhura DB, Lee R, Meibohm B. Pharmacokinetic profile of spectinomycin in rats. Pharmazie. 2013;68(8):675-676.
Spectinomycin (hydrochloride hydrate) 是一种由链霉菌（S. spectabilis）产生的广谱氨基环醇类抗生素，能够抑制多种革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌的生长 [1]。Spectinomycin通过选择性靶向细菌的 30S 核糖体亚基，中断蛋白质合成来发挥作用 [2]。此外，Spectinomycin还是一种非竞争性抑制剂，对TD内含子RNA的抑制常数（Ki）为7.2mM [3]。Spectinomycin主要用于淋病奈瑟菌（Neisseria gonorrhoeae）感染的研究 [4][5]。
在体外实验中，Spectinomycin（50μg/mL；10分钟）能够选择性地抑制细菌生长，并抑制 Escherichia coli 细胞及其提取物中的蛋白质合成和氨基酸掺入 [1]。此外，Spectinomycin（64μg/mL；0-60 分钟）能够减轻氨基酸匮乏的relA+细胞中脂多糖（LPS）合成的严格控制，但不直接抑制LPS合成 [6]。
在体内实验中，Spectinomycin（20mg/kg；肌肉注射；9天）对健康雏鸡的生长性能、临床血液参数、器官系数和组织病理学参数均无影响，显示出良好的安全性[3]。在大鼠实验中，Spectinomycin（10mg/kg；静脉注射；单剂量）主要通过肾脏排泄，约55%以原形随尿液排出 [7]。