Rhod-2 AM is an acetyl methyl ester derivative of Rhod-2, which is permeable to cell membrane and can be cut by its lactase to produce Rhod-2 with non-permeable membrane and remain in the cell to play corresponding physiological functions. Rhod-2 is a high-affinity Ca2+ fluorescence probe with an excitation wavelength of 552nm and an emission wavelength of 581nm after binding with Ca2+. Rhod-2 is suitable for the detection of Ca2+ levels in cells or tissues with high levels of autofluorescence signals, and can also be used to detect calcium ion release caused by photoactivation of photoreceptors and cage-locked calcium ion chelators[1-3].
Rhod-2/AM can be used to assess the effect of intracellular mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration[4]. The endoplasmic reticulum calcium level of BCPAP cells could be determined by Rhod-2/AM calcium fluorescence probe[5]. Rhod-2 AM was loaded into brain slices of adult mice (2-5 months) from a knockin model (ChR2(C128S)) expressing channels of rhodopsin 2 in cortical astrocytes to induce a powerful Ca2+ response to light stimulation[6].
References:
[1]. Brisac C, Téoulé F,et,al. Calcium flux between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrion contributes to poliovirus-induced apoptosis. J Virol. 2010 Dec;84(23):12226-35. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00994-10. Epub 2010 Sep 22. PMID: 20861253; PMCID: PMC2976416.
[2]. Territo PR, Heil J, et,al. Fluorescence absorbance inner-filter decomposition: the role of emission shape on estimates of free Ca(2+) using Rhod-2. Appl Spectrosc. 2007 Feb;61(2):138-47. doi: 10.1366/000370207779947530. PMID: 17331304.
[3]. MacGowan GA, et,al. Rhod-2 based measurements of intracellular calcium in the perfused mouse heart: cellular and subcellular localization and response to positive inotropy. J Biomed Opt. 2001 Jan;6(1):23-30. doi: 10.1117/1.1316091. PMID: 11178577.
[4]. Jiang M, Zhang YX, et,al. Piezo1 channel activation stimulates ATP production through enhancing mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in vascular endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Jul;180(14):1862-1877. doi: 10.1111/bph.16050. Epub 2023 Feb 27. PMID: 36740831.
[5]. Zhang L, Cheng X, et,al. Curcumin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cells via disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Jun;97(24):e11095. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011095. PMID: 29901626; PMCID: PMC6023948.
[6]. Balachandar L, Montejo KA, et,al. Simultaneous Ca2+ Imaging and Optogenetic Stimulation of Cortical Astrocytes in Adult Murine Brain Slices. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2020 Dec;94(1):e110. doi: 10.1002/cpns.110. PMID: 33285041; PMCID: PMC8042830.
Rhod-2 AM是Rhod-2的一种乙酰甲酯衍生物，Rhod-2 AM可透过细胞膜，通过其乳糖酶切割产生具有不透过膜的Rhod-2，并留在细胞内发挥相应的生理功能。Rhod-2是一种高亲和力的可见光激发波长Ca2+荧光探针，与Ca2+结合后的激发波长为552nm,发射波长为581nm,适用于具高水平自荧光信号的细胞或组织Ca2+水平检测，也可用来检测由光感受器和笼锁钙离子螯合剂光激活导致的钙离子释放[1-3]。
Rhod-2 AM可用于评估细胞内线粒体Ca2+浓度的影响[4]。Rhod-2 AM钙荧光探针可检测BCPAP细胞内质网钙水平[5]。可以将Rhod-2 AM加载到来自皮质星形胶质细胞中表达通道视紫红质-2 (ChR2(C128S))的敲入模型(2-5个月)的成年小鼠脑切片中，可以观察到对光刺激的强大Ca2+反应[6]。