Resolvins are a family of potent lipid mediators derived from both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid . [1] In addition to being anti-inflammatory, resolvins promote the resolution of the inflammatory response back to a non-inflamed state.[2] Resolvin D5 (RvD5) is a DHA-derived resolvin generated by a double dioxygenation mechanism.[3] RvD5 has been identified in media from ionophore-stimulated trout brain cells, in human synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and in exudates of bacterial infections in mice. [4][5][6] RvD5 stimulates the phagocytosis of E. coli by human macrophages, and RvD5 methyl ester enhances bacterial killing in mice inoculated with E. coli. [6] Analytical and biological comparisons of synthetic RvD5 with endogenously derived RvD5 have confirmed its identity as matching the natural product.[7]
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[1]. Hong, S., Gronert, K., Devchand, P.R., et al. Novel docosatrienes and 17S-resolvins generated from docosahexaenoic acid in murine brain, human blood, and glial cells. Autacoids in anti-inflammation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(17), 14677-14687 (2003).
[2]. Ariel, A., and Serhan, C.N. Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammation. TRENDS in Immunology 28(4), 176-183 (2007).
[3]. Serhan, C.N., Gotlinger, K., Hong, S., et al. Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: Assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienes. J. Immunol. 176(3), 1848-1859 (2006).
[4]. Hong, S., Tjonahen, E., Morgan, E.L., et al. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain cells biosynthesize novel docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvins and protectins-Mediator lipidomic analysis. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 78, 107-116 (2005).
[5]. Giera, M., Ioan-Facsinay, A., Toes, R., et al. Lipid and lipid mediator profiling of human synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis patients by means of LC-MS/MS. Biochim.Biophys.Acta. 1821(11), 1415-1424 (2012).
[6]. Chiang, N., Fredman, G., Bäckhed, F., et al. Infection regulates pro-resolving mediators that lower antibiotic requirements. Nature 484(7395), 524-528 (2012).
[7]. Serhan, C. . (2007).