Propoxur-d3

Propoxur-d₃ is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of propoxur by GC- or LC-MS. Propoxur is a carbamate insecticide, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (IC₅₀ = 4.3 µM), and an antagonist of α4β4 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (IC₅₀ = 165 µM for the rat receptor).^1,2 It is lethal to German cockroaches (B. germanica) with LD₅₀ values of 2.45, 4.73, and 1.06 μg per insect for newly emerged males, newly emerged females, and 4-week-old nymphs, respectively. Propoxur induces lactate dedrogenase (LDH) release from, and inhibits the growth of, flounder gill cells (IC₅₀s = 86.59 and 89.96 μg/ml, respectively) via induction of necrosis.³ It also induces yolk sac and pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos when used at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/ml. Propoxur (8.3 mg/kg) inhibits rat blood and brain cholinesterase, decreases ambulation and rearing in an open field test, and increases latency to escape foot shock after an audio stimulus in the two-way active avoidance box in rats.⁴ Formulations containing propoxur have been used in the control of insects in agriculture, as well as residential areas.