Palmitoyl-Coenzyme A (palmitoyl-CoA) is a derivative of CoA that contains the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid . It is a substrate for palmitoyltransferases during palmitoylation, a process that adds a palmitoyl group to proteins to anchor them to the membrane or target them to lipid rafts.[1] It is also a substrate in the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids.2,3 Palmitoyl-CoA binds to acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP; Kd = 0.45 pM) and undergoes β-oxidation in mitochondria.[4]
References:
[1].Guan, X., and Fierke, C.A.Understanding protein palmitoylation: Biological significance and enzymologySci. China Chem.54(12)1888-1897(2011).
[2].Weiss, B., and Stoffel, W.Human and murine serine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase. Cloning, expression and characterization of the key enzyme in sphingolipid synthesisEur. J. Biochem.249239-247(1997).
[3].Lai, M.K.P., Chew, W.S., Torta, F., et al.Biological effects of naturally occurring sphingolipids, uncommon variants, and their analogsNeuromolecular Med.18(3)396-414(2016).
[4].Rasmussen, J.T., Faergeman, N.J., Kristiansen, K., et al.Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) can mediate intermembrane acyl-CoA transport and donate acyl-CoA for β-oxidation and glycerolipid synthesisBiochem. J.299(Pt 1)165-170(1994).