Ochratoxin C-13C20 (OTC-13C20) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of ochratoxin C by GC- or LC-MS. OTC is a mycotoxin that has been found in Aspergillus and is an active metabolite of OTA .[1],[2] It is formed from OTA by gut microbiota, however, OTA can also be formed from OTC in vivo.2,3 OTC inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of THP-1 monocytes (IC50s = 126 and 91 ng/ml, respectively) and induces apoptosis in the same cells when used at concentrations of 100 or 1,000 ng/ml.[1] It induces mortality in zebrafish embryos (LC50 = 0.32 nM).[4] OTC has been found in red wine.[5]
References:
[1].Müller, G., Rosner, H., Rohrmann, B., et al.Effects of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A and some of its metabolites on the human cell line THP-1Toxicology184(1)69-82(2003).
[2].Galtier, P., and Alvinerie, M.In vitro transformation of ochratoxin A by animal microbioal florasAnn. Rech. Vet.7(1)91-98(1976).
[3].Fuchs, R., Hult, K., Peraica, M., et al.Conversion of ochratoxin C into ochratoxin A in vivoAppl. Environ. Microbiol.48(1)41-42(1984).
[4].Csenki, Z., Garai, E., Faisal, Z., et al.The individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A with citrinin and their metabolites (ochratoxin B, ochratoxin C, and dihydrocitrinone) on 2D/3D cell cultures, and zebrafish embryo modelsFood Chem. Toxicol.158112674(2021).
[5].Remiro, R., Ibáñez-Vea, M., González-Peñas, E., et al.Validation of a liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of ochratoxin A and its analogues in red winesJ. Chromatogr. A1217(52)8249-8256(2010).