Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride is an anthocyanin monomer that possesses antioxidant activity[1-2]. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride is used in research related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and intestinal microbiota regulation[3-4].
In vitro, human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) were pretreated with Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride (10µg/mL) for 24 hours, followed by stimulation with high glucose (30mmol/L) for 24-48 hours. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD), downregulated Nox4 expression, altered nitric oxide levels, while also inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor production and lowering intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels, thereby exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to protect the cells[5]. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride (1–100µM) for 18 hours, followed by stimulation with TNF-α (10µg/L) for 6 hours. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 at both the protein and mRNA levels, while also inhibiting IκBα degradation and blocking the nuclear translocation of the p65 protein[6].
In vivo, C57BL/6J male mice subcutaneously injected with human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were administered Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride (40mg/kg or 80mg/kg) via oral gavage every other day for 4 consecutive weeks. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride significantly inhibited tumor growth, promoted tumor cell apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, and upregulated PTEN expression while downregulating p-AKT expression in the tumor tissues[7].
References:
[1] Jie Lin, Jinlong Tian, Chi Shu, et al. Malvidin-3-galactoside from blueberry suppresses the growth and metastasis potential of hepatocellular carcinoma cell Huh-7 by regulating apoptosis and metastases pathway. Food Science and Human Wellness. 2020;9(2):136-145.
[2] Rutledge GA, Sandhu AK, Miller MG, et al. Blueberry phenolics are associated with cognitive enhancement in supplemented healthy older adults. Food Funct. 2021 Jan 7;12(1):107-118.
[3] Huang WY, Wu H, Li DJ, et al. Protective Effects of Blueberry Anthocyanins against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injuries in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Feb 21;66(7):1638-1648.
[4] Huang W, Zhu Y, Li C, et al. Effect of Blueberry Anthocyanins Malvidin and Glycosides on the Antioxidant Properties in Endothelial Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1591803.
[5] Huang W, Yan Z, Li D, et al. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Blueberry Anthocyanins on High Glucose-Induced Human Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Feb 22;2018:1862462.
[6] Huang WY, Liu YM, Wang J, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of the blueberry anthocyanins malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-galactoside in endothelial cells. Molecules. 2014 Aug 21;19(8):12827-41.
[7] Wang Y, Lin J, Tian J, et al. Blueberry Malvidin-3-galactoside Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Metastasis Pathways In Vivo and In Vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Jan 16;67(2):625-636.
Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride是一种花青素单体，具有抗氧化活性[1-2]。Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride可用于癌症、心血管疾病和肠道菌群调节的相关研究[3-4]。
在体外，Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride（10μg/mL）预处理人视网膜毛细血管内皮细胞（HRCECs）24小时，随后以高葡萄糖（30mmol/L）刺激24-48小时。Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride显著降低活性氧水平、提高抗氧化酶（CAT、SOD）活性、下调Nox4表达并改变一氧化氮水平，同时抑制血管内皮生长因子产生、降低细胞间黏附分子-1水平，从而发挥抗氧化和抗炎作用以保护细胞[5]。Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride（1–100µM）预处理人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）18小时，随后以TNF-α（10µg/L）刺激6小时。Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride能以浓度依赖的方式显著抑制单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、细胞间黏附分子-1和血管细胞黏附分子-1在蛋白和mRNA水平的表达，同时抑制IκBα的降解并阻断p65蛋白的核转位[6]。
在体内，隔天灌胃给予40mg/kg或80mg/kg的Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride，用于处理皮下注射了人肝癌HepG2细胞的C57BL/6J雄性小鼠，持续4周。Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride能显著抑制肿瘤生长、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖，并上调肿瘤组织中PTEN的表达同时下调p-AKT的表达[7]。