Lysipressin acetate is the acetate form of Lysipressin. Lysipressin is a nine-amino-acid peptide, which consists of a six-component loop formed by a disulfide bridge, two cysteine residues, and a side chain that includes three amino acid residues. Lysipressin is synthesized in the large cell nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), and secreted into the blood. Depending on the amino acid in the 8th position (lysine or arginine), there are two forms of vasopressin: Lysipressin (lysine vasopressin) or arginine vasopressin [1].
Lysipressin acetate is an arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (V1A) receptor agonist that binds to rat and human V1A receptors (Kis = 1.2 and 10.1 nM, respectively) and Lysipressin acetate increases intracellular calcium levels in cultured rat and human aortic cells with half-maximal activation (Kact) values of 12 and 20.8 nM, respectively. On human cultured VSMCs, LVP and AVP dose-dependently stimulated PLC activity. AVP and LVP both induced dose-dependent and transient increase in [Ca2+]i in rat and human cultured VSMCs [2].
Lysipressin (Lysine vasopressin) is about 1/6 times as potent as Arginine vasopressin in inhibiting water diuresis in dogs when they are injected intravenously in equal vasopressor doses [3]. Lysipressin produce antidiuresis in the pig, without significantly altering glomerular filtration rate [3].
References:
[1]. Grigorjeva M E, Golubeva M G. The Role of Cholinergic Receptors in the Reactions of the Hemostasis System on Vasopressin[J]. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 2022, 12(6): 631-637.
[2]. Colson P H, Virsolvy A, Gaudard P, et al. Terlipressin, a vasoactive prodrug recommended in hepatorenal syndrome, is an agonist of human V1, V2 and V1B receptors: implications for its safety profile[J]. Pharmacological Research, 2016, 113: 257-264.
[3]. MUNSICK R A, SAWYER W H, Van Dyke H B. The antidiuretic potency of arginine and lysine vasopressins in the pig with observations on porcine renal function[J]. Endocrinology, 1958, 63(5): 688-693.