Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium is a chemically defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with endotoxin activity equal to LPS. Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium is highly selective for TLR4. Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium stimulates the release of both TNF and PGE2[1].
Kdo2-Lipid A (1 μM) stimulates the release of both TNF and PGE2 from the adult rat spinal astrocytes cell cultures[1].
KDO2-Lipid A (i.t.) activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in rats[1].
References:
[1]. Saito O, et al. Spinal glial TLR4-mediated nociception and production of prostaglandin E(2) and TNF. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160(7):1754-1764.
















