(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (0-50 µM) reduces lipid droplets accumulation, and decreases ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA level in primary chicken hepatocytes[4].
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (1.0 mg/kg embryos, injection) reduces lipid droplets accumulation, triglyceride content, lipogenesis factors mRNA level and increases lipolysis factors mRNA expression in chicken embryos[3].
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (p.o., once) shows a LD50 of greater than 5000 mg/kg in fasted male and female Albino rats[5].
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (1000-3000 mg/kg diet for 8 weeks) reduces body weight gain, increases feed conversion ratio, and promotes protein synthesis in rats[6].
References:
[1]. B. S. Jena, et al. Chemistry and Biochemistry of (−)-Hydroxycitric Acid from Garcinia. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 1, 10-22.
[2]. Hayamizu K, et al. Effects of garcinia cambogia (Hydroxycitric Acid) on visceral fat accumulation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2003 Sep;64(8):551-67.
[3]. Li S, et al. (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Influenced Fat Metabolism via Modulating of Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Expression in Chicken Embryos. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Jul 3;67(26):7336-7347.
[4]. Li L, et al. (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Reduced Lipid Droplets Accumulation Via Decreasing Acetyl-Coa Supply and Accelerating Energy Metabolism in Cultured Primary Chicken Hepatocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;43(2):812-831.
[5]. Ohia SE, et al. Safety and mechanism of appetite suppression by a novel hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX). Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Sep;238(1-2):89-103.
[6]. Han N, et al. (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Nourishes Protein Synthesis via Altering Metabolic Directions of Amino Acids in Male Rats. Phytother Res. 2016 Aug;30(8):1316-29.