Hemokinin 1 is a tachykinin peptide neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor agonist.1,2,3,4,5 It induces migration of A375 and B16/F10 melanoma cells when used at a concentration of 1 µM, an effect that can be reversed by the NK1 receptor antagonist L-732,138 .1 Hemokinin 1 (0.001-0.1 µM) promotes the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).2 It induces the production of prostaglandin E2 in human colon mucosal and muscle explants.3 Intracerebroventricular administration of hemokinin 1 increases the latency to withdrawal in the tail-flick test in mice in a dose-dependent manner.4 It decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate in anesthetized rats when administered at doses ranging from 1 to 30 nmol/kg.5
1.Zhang, Y., Li, X., Li, J., et al.Human hemokinin-1 promotes migration of melanoma cells and increases MMP-2 and MT1-MMP expression by activating tumor cell NK1 receptorsPeptides838-15(2016) 2.Song, H., Yin, W., Zeng, Q., et al.Hemokinins modulate endothelium function and promote angiogenesis through neurokinin-1 receptorInt. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.44(9)1410-1421(2012) 3.Dai, L., Perera, D.S., King, D.W., et al.Hemokinin-1 stimulates prostaglandin E2 production in human colon through activation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenaseJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.340(1)27-36(2012) 4.Fu, C.Y., Zhao, Y.L., Dong, L., et al.In vivo characterization of the effects of human hemokinin-1 and human hemokinin-1(4-11), mammalian tachykinin peptides, on the modulation of pain in miceBrain Behav. Immun.22(6)850-860(2008) 5.Kong, Z.-Q., Fu, C.-Y., Chen, Q., et al.Cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of human hemokinin-1 and its truncated form hemokinin-1(4-11) in anesthetized ratsEur. J. Pharmacol.590(1-3)310-316(2008)