HADA (HCC-amino-D-alanine hydrochloride) is a blue fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA), which is suitable for peptides in living bacteria, which stimulates/emitted λ ~ 405/460 nm. Without affecting the growth rate, FDAA can effectively conduct an external peripheral and diaphragm marking of different bacterial cell groups to display mitochondrial permeability[1-2].
The D-FDAA probe can marked PG growth sites in a series of different bacteria. FDAA is mixed with PG through DD transpeptidase (penicillin binding protein, PBP) or LD transpeptidase (LDT) (if existence). FDAA can be marked with species in a fast growth process in only 30 seconds, such as E. coli. HADA is capable of reproducible, stable labeling of PG for most bacterial species, usually without extensive optimization[1-3].
References:
[1] Botella H, Yang G, Ouerfelli O, et al. Distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of peptidoglycan synthesis between Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J]. MBio, 2017, 8(5): 10.1128/mbio. 01183-17.
[2] Peters K, Pazos M, Edoo Z, Hugonnet JE, Martorana AM, Polissi A, VanNieuwenhze MS, Arthur M, Vollmer W. Copper inhibits peptidoglycan LD-transpeptidases suppressing β-lactam resistance due to bypass of penicillin-binding proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Oct 16;115(42):10786-10791.
[3] Mendes S S, Marques J, Mesterházy E, et al. Synergetic antimicrobial activity and mechanism of clotrimazole-linked CO-releasing molecules[J]. ACS bio & med Chem Au, 2022, 2(4): 419-436.
HADA（HCC-氨基-D-丙氨酸盐酸盐）是一种蓝色荧光D-氨基酸（FDAA），适用于标记活细菌中的肽聚糖，激发/发射λ ~405/460 nm。在不影响生长速率的情况下，FDAA能够对不同细菌细胞群进行有效的外周和隔膜标记，显示线粒体外膜通透性[1-2]。
D-氨基酸（FDAA）探针可以在一系列不同的细菌中标记 PG 生长位点。FDAA通过DD转肽酶（青霉素结合蛋白，PBP）或LD转肽酶（LDT）（如果存在）掺入PG 中。FDAA只需30秒即可标记处于快速生长过程的物种，如大肠杆菌。HADA 能够可复制的，稳定的标记大多数细菌物种的PG，通常无需大量优化[1-3]。