Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found in T. harzianum and has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.1 It is active against the plant pathogenic fungus P. ultimum (MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasite T. brucei brucei (IC50 = 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungi R. solani, P. omnivorum, T. basicola, R. arrhizus, and V. dahliae or the bacteria B. thuringiensis, P. fluorescens, and X. malvacearum when used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.2,3 Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC50 = 1 µM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC50 = 5.2 µM).1
1.Rether, J., Serwe, A., Anke, T., et al.Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirinBiol. Chem.388(6)627-637(2007) 2.Howell, C.R., and Stipanovic, R.D.Gliovirin, a new antibiotic from Gliocladium virens, and its role in the biological control of Pythium ultimumCan. J. Microbiol.29(3)321-324(1983) 3.Iwatsuki, M., Otoguro, K., Ishiyama, A., et al.In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 12 low-molecular-weight antibiotics and observations of structure/activity relationshipsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)63(10)619-622(2010)