Lipoteichoic acid

规格	价格	库存	数量	操作
1mg	¥1,963.00	现货	1
5mg	¥4,320.00	现货	1

产品描述 Description

Lipoteichoic acid is a teichoic acid predominantly located in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, widely involved in stimulating immune responses and cellular signaling pathways^[1]. Lipoteichoic acid plays a key role in regulating cell growth, division, and host immune recognition, and is commonly applied in the rapid diagnosis of pathogenic infections as well as in research on host–pathogen interactions and innate immunity^[2^,3,^4].

In vitro, treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with Lipoteichoic acid (50μg/mL) for 5min, followed by removal of unbound Lipoteichoic acid and further culture for 48h, significantly activates macrophages, whose released cytokines induce 51.32% mortality in L-929 cells^[5]. Stimulation of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) with Lipoteichoic acid (20μg/mL) for 2-4h markedly upregulates mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, β-defensin, and CXCL6, although this induction declines to baseline by 8-16h (except for β-defensin)^[6].

In vivo, two intraperitoneal injections of Lipoteichoic acid (75mg/kg; 3h apart) in pregnant C3H/HeN × B6D2F₁ hybrid mice on gestational day 15 result in 100% preterm delivery, accompanied by cervical softening, placental damage, and elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α) in plasma and amniotic fluid^[7]. A single intravenous injection of Lipoteichoic acid (20mg/kg) in BALB/c mice induces lung congestion, neutrophil infiltration, alveolar wall thickening, and significantly increases IL-1β and TNF-α levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid^[5].

References:
[1] PERCY M G, GRÜNDLING A. Lipoteichoic acid synthesis and function in gram-positive bacteria[J]. Annual review of microbiology, 2014, 68(1): 81-100.
[2] GINSBURG I. Role of lipoteichoic acid in infection and inflammation[J]. The Lancet infectious diseases, 2002, 2(3): 171-179.
[3] SEO H S, MICHALEK S M, NAHM M H. Lipoteichoic acid is important in innate immune responses to gram-positive bacteria[J]. Infection and immunity, 2008, 76(1): 206-213.
[4] PICKETT J E, THOMPSON J M, SADOWSKA A, et al. Molecularly specific detection of bacterial lipoteichoic acid for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection of the bone[J]. Bone research, 2018, 6(1): 13.
[5] JIAO Y, WU M P. Apolipoprotein AI diminishes acute lung injury and sepsis in mice induced by lipoteichoic acid[J]. Cytokine, 2008, 43(1): 83-87.
[6] STRANDBERG Y, GRAY C, VUOCOLO T, et al. Lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid induce different innate immune responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J]. Cytokine, 2005, 31(1): 72-86.
[7] KAJIKAWA S, KAGA N, FUTAMURA Y, et al. Lipoteichoic acid induces preterm delivery in mice[J]. Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods, 1998, 39(3): 147-154.

Lipoteichoic acid是一种广泛参与刺激免疫应答和细胞信号传导，主要存在于革兰氏阳性菌细胞壁中的磷壁酸^[1]。Lipoteichoic acid在调节细胞生长、分裂和宿主免疫识别中起关键作用，通常用于致病菌和感染性疾病的快速诊断及宿主-病原体相互作用和先天免疫反应等的研究^[2,3,4]。

在体外，Lipoteichoic acid（50μg/mL）刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞5min，洗去游离Lipoteichoic acid后继续培养48h，可显著激活巨噬细胞，其释放的细胞因子可导致L-929细胞死亡率达51.32%^[5]。Lipoteichoic acid（20μg/mL）处理牛原代乳腺上皮细胞（bMEC）2-4h，可显著诱导IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α、β-defensin和CXCL6 mRNA的表达，但该诱导作用在8-16h后迅速回落至基础水平（除β-defensin）^[6]。

在体内，Lipoteichoic acid（75mg/kg）通过2次腹腔注射（间隔3h）给药妊娠第15天的C3H/HeN × B6D2F₁杂交孕鼠，诱导了100%的早产发生率，并伴有宫颈软化、胎盘组织学损伤及血浆与羊水中炎症因子（IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α）水平升高^[7]。Lipoteichoic acid（20mg/kg）通过单次静脉注射处理BALB/c小鼠，导致肺组织充血、中性粒细胞浸润、肺泡壁增厚，并显著提升了血清和支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）液中IL-1β和TNF-α的水平^[5]。

实验参考方法 Experimental Reference Method

Cell experiment [1]:
Cell lines	Peritoneal macrophages of mice
Preparation Method	Mouse peritoneal macrophages were collected, and Lipoteichoic acid (50μg/mL) was added to activate the macrophages for 5min. The culture was then washed with PBS (pH 7.4) to remove free Lipoteichoic acid. Afterward, 100μL of DMEM was added, and the cells were cultured for another 48h. The culture medium was then collected for cytotoxicity assays on L-929 cells.
Reaction Conditions	50μg/mL; 5min
Applications	Lipoteichoic acid treatment significantly activated macrophages, and the released cytokines led to a 51.32% mortality rate in L-929 cells.
Animal experiment [1]:
Animal models	BALB/c mice
Preparation Method	Lipoteichoic acid (20mg/kg, i.v.) was injected into the conscious mice to cause sepsis and were treated with saline at once. Blood samples were taken by extirpating eyeballs at 24h after Lipoteichoic acid injection. After that, the chest cavity of the animal was opened and the right lung was ligated and excised. The lung lobes were submerged in 10% formaldehyde for histopathological staining with hematoxylin-eosin and examination. BAL fluid of the left lung was collected. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α in serum and BAL fluid were determined by ELISA using specific kits. Microscopic evaluation was performed to characterize the inflammatory injury of the organs.
Dosage form	20mg/kg; i.v.
Applications	Lipoteichoic acid treatment led to lung congestion, neutrophil infiltration, alveolar wall thickening, and significantly increased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and BAL fluid.
References: [1] JIAO Y, WU M P. Apolipoprotein AI diminishes acute lung injury and sepsis in mice induced by lipoteichoic acid[J]. Cytokine, 2008, 43(1): 83-87.

产品文档 Product Documents

批次：

COA SDS Data Sheet

化学性质Chemical Properties

CAS 号

56411-57-5

同义词

脂磷壁酸

保存条件

Store at 2-8°C,protect from light

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