Gemcitabine-13C,15N2 (hydrochloride)

Gemcitabine-13C,15N2 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gemcitabine by GC- or LC-MS. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that arrests tumor growth and induces apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase thereby limiting deoxyribonucleotide pools available for DNA replication and repair. By specifically inhibiting growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 a (Gadd45a), a key mediator of active DNA demethylation, gemcitabine (34-134 nM) inhibits repair-mediated DNA demethylation in a methylation-sensitive reporter assay. Gemcitabine has broad antiretroviral activity, decreasing LP-BM5 MuLV cell infectivity, a murine AIDS model, in cell culture with an EC50 value of approximately 1.5 nM. At a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/day, it inhibits the progression of murine AIDS in vivo. Formulations containing gemcitabine have been used to treat various cancers including, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, and breast cancer.