Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a gut peptide hormone antagonist of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R; Ki = 60 pM).1 It increases cAMP levels in COS cells expressing GLP-2R with an EC50 value of 0.58 nM. GLP-2 is primarily produced by enteroendocrine L cells of the small and large intestine but can also be found in the hypothalamus.1,2 In vivo, GLP-2 (43.75 μg twice per day for 10 days) increases small bowel weight by 50% and increases villus height and crypt cell proliferation in the small intestine in mice.3 GLP-2 (10 μg per animal) reduces two-hour food intake in rats by 37% with no reduction in water intake.2 Secretion of GLP-2 in rats is stimulated by dietary carbohydrates, glucose, dextrin, and oils rich in polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids.4
References
1. Munroe, D.G., Gupta, A.K., Kooshesh, F., et al. Prototypic G protein-coupled receptor for the intestinotrophic factor glucagon-like peptide 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96(4), (1999).
2. Tang-Christensen, M., Larsen, P.J., Thulesen, J., et al. The proglucagon-derived peptide, glucagon-like peptide-2, is a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of food intake. Nat. Med. 6(7), 802-807 (2000).
3. Drucker, D.J., Erlich, P., Asa, S.L., et al. Induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation by glucagon-like peptide 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93(15), 7911-7916 (1996).
4. Sato, S., Hokari, R., Kurihara, C., et al. Dietary lipids and sweeteners regulate glucagon-like peptide-2 secretion. Am. J. Physiol Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 304(8), 304-308 (2013).