Toosendanin is a triterpenoid that has been found in M. toosendan and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3 It inhibits the proliferation of BEL-7404, U251, SH-SY5Y, HL-60, PC3, and U937 cancer cells (IC50s = <0.17 ?M for all).1 Toosendanin is larvicidal against A. aegypti first instar larvae (LC50 = 60.8 ?g/ml) and delays pupal development when used at concentrations ranging from 6.3 to 25 ?g/ml.2 It decreases serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate (sodium salt) when administered at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg.3 Toosendanin (9 mg/kg) increases survival in a mouse model of botulism induced by botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A).1
1.Shi, Y.-L., and Li, M.-F.Biological effects of toosendanin, a triterpenoid extracted from Chinese traditional medicineProg. Neurobiol.82(1)1-10(2007) 2.Ma, Z., Gulia-Nuss, M., Zhang, X., et al.Effects of the botanical insecticide, toosendanin, on blood digestion and egg production by female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Topical application and ingestionJ. Med. Entomol.50(1)112-121(2013) 3.Fan, H., Chen, W., Zhu, J., et al.Toosendanin alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and Nrf2/HO-1 signalingInt. Immunopharmacol.76105909(2019)