Sulfamethazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic.1,2 It inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS; IC50 = 5.7 ?M for the T. gondii enzyme). Sulfamethazine is active against A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC = 32 ?g/ml) and enhances the antibacterial activity of trimethoprim against E. coli.3,4 It has been detected in environmental water samples.5,6 Formulations containing sulfamethazine have been used in the treatment of bacterial infections in livestock.
1.Allegra, C.J., Boarman, D., Kovacs, J.A., et al.Interaction of sulfonamide and sulfone compounds with Toxoplasma gondii dihydropteroate synthaseJ. Clin. Invest.85(2)371-379(1990) 2.Salmon, S.A., Watts, J.L., Case, C.A., et al.Comparison of MICs of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents against bacterial pathogens of swine from the United States, Canada, and DenmarkJ. Clin. Microbiol.33(9)2435-2444(1995) 3.Mengelers, M.J., Hougee, P.E., Janssen, L.H., et al.Structure-activity relationships between antibacterial activities and physicochemical properties of sulfonamidesJ. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.20(4)276-283(1997) 4.Peng, F.-J., Ying, G.-G., Liu, Y.-S., et al.Joint antibacterial activity of soil-adsorbed antibiotics trimethoprim and sulfamethazineSci. Total Environ.506-50758-65(2015) 5.Washington, M.T., Moorman, T.B., Soupir, M.L., et al.Monitoring tylosin and sulfamethazine in a tile-drained agricultural watershed using polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS)Sci. Total. Environ.612358-367(2017) 6.López-Serna, R., Petrovi?, M., and Barceló, D.Direct analysis of pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and transformation products in environmental waters using on-line TurboFlow? chromatography-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryJ. Chomatogr. A.1252115-129(2012)